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ME2019 PART 2 > Tumour Pathology 3 > Flashcards

Tumour Pathology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are local effects of benign tumours?

A

Pressure

Obstruction

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2
Q

What are local effects of malignant tumours?

A

Pressure

Obstruction

Tissue destruction

Bleeding

Pain

Effects on treatment

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3
Q

What tissue destruction may malignant tumours cause?

A

Ulceration

Infection

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4
Q

What bleeding may malignant tumours cause?

A

Anaemia

Haemorrhage

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5
Q

What pain may malignant tumours cause?

A

Pressure on nerves

Perineural infiltration

Bone pain from pathological fractures

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6
Q

What are systematic effects of malignant tumours?

A

Weight loss

Secretion of hormones

Paraneoplastic syndromes (altered immune response to a neoplasm)

Effects of treatment

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7
Q

What are the possible kinds of hormone secretion due to a malignant tumour?

A

Normal

Abnormal/inappropiate

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8
Q

What is normal horome secretion due to a malignant tumour?

A

Normal hormones are produced but abnormal control

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9
Q

What is abnormal hormone secretion due to a malignant tumour?

A

Produced by a tumour from an organ that does not normally produce that hormone

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10
Q

What is an example of a cancer producing abnormal hormones?

A

Lung cancer producing ACTH and ADH

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11
Q

What are paraneoplastic syndromes?

A

Ones that cannot be explained by local or metastasis effects, such as neuropathy (damge to peripheral nerves) or myopathy (disease in muscles where fibres do not function properly)

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12
Q

What is neopathy?

A

Damage to peripheral nerves

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13
Q

What is myopathy?

A

Disease in the muscle where fibres do not function properly

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14
Q

What does detecting cancer at an early stage do?

A

Reduces mortility

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15
Q

What is detected to detect cancer at an early stage?

A

Dysplasia

Intraepithelial neoplasia

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16
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

Abnormal development of growth and differentiation

17
Q

What is intraepithelial neoplasia?

A

Development of benign neoplasia or high grade dysplasia in an epithelium

18
Q

What are properties of dysplasia?

A

Pre-malignant change

Identified in epithelium

No invasion

Can progress to cancer so patient needs to be monitored

May be high or low grade

19
Q

What could features of a dysplasia be?

A

Increased nuclear size

Increased metabolic activity

Abnormal mitosis

20
Q

What does the early detection of cancer require?

A

Effective screening

21
Q

What must effective screening be?

A

Specific

Acceptable

22
Q

What are the 3 NHS screening programs?

A

Breast

Cervical

Colon

ME2019 PART 2 (45 decks)

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