10 - Industrial And Agricultural Growth And Change

Question 1

What did Witte believe that was essential for a revolution? What continued between 1892 and 1914?

Answer 1

Industrialisation

The drive for growth

Question 2

Between 1892 and 1914, what rate did the Russian economy grow?

Answer 2

8% per annum

Question 3

What was raised to encourage foreign loans?

Answer 3

Interest rates

Question 4

What was introduced in 1897 to increase business confidence? What was this backed by?

Answer 4

New rouble (currency)
Gold

Question 5

How was industrial development funded? What type of industry was prioritised?

Answer 5

Foreign capital

Heavy industry

Question 6

How many KM of railway track did Russia have by 1914?

Answer 6

62,000

Question 7

What was the purpose of the Trans-Siberian railway?

Answer 7

To link Russia with the Far East

Question 8

What stimulated heavy industries? Who was given reduced transport costs and government revenue?

Answer 8

Railway development

Manufacturers

Question 9

Due to the cost of railways, what did Russia become dependent on?

Answer 9

Foreign investment

Question 10

What was Russia the 5th largest power of in the world?

Answer 10

Industrial power

Question 11

How much did Coal increase from 1880-1910?

Answer 11

3.2-25.4 million metric tons

Question 12

How much did Pig Iron increase from 1880-1910?

Answer 12

0.42-3 million metric tons

Question 13

How much did Crude Oil increase from 1880-1910?

Answer 13

0.5-12.1 million metric tons

Question 14

What remained small-scale in the 1890s?

Answer 14

Agriculture

Question 15

Who was Stolypin in 1906? What did he believe in to prevent peasant unrest?

Answer 15

Minister of the Interior

Agricultural reform

Question 16

What type of ownership did Stolypin want to increase to create farmer profit?

Answer 16

Individual peasant ownership

Question 17

Who did Stolypin want to help support the regime of agriculture?

Answer 17

Kulaks and profit-orientated farmers

Question 18

What system/type of ownership was abolished in November 1906?

Answer 18

Mir

Collective ownership

Question 19

When were redemption payments abolished? Where could peasants leave?

Answer 19

January 1907

Villages

Question 20

What could peasants apply for with permission? What would be consolidated?

Answer 20

Consolidation for single farms

Scattered strips of farm

Question 21

What was newly reformed to fund purchases?

Answer 21

Peasant Land Bank

Question 22

What was used to encourage settlements in Siberia? What happened to them?

Answer 22

Government subsides

Increased

Question 23

How much did peasant ownership increase from 1905-1915?

Answer 23

20% to 50%

Question 24

What was produced that rose annually? What was the Russia the biggest exporter of in 1909?

Answer 24

Grain production

Cereal

Question 25

Who often bought out poorer peasants to increase the efficiency in farms?

Answer 25

Kulaks

Question 26

How many peasants moved from an overpopulated Siberia? What was prominently made in the region?

Answer 26

3,500,000

Dairy and cereal

Question 27

Why did some peasants sell up? What did this boost the supply of?

Answer 27

To move to towns

Industrial labour

Question 28

By 1914, how much land had successfully been transferred from communal to private ownership?

Answer 28

10%

Question 29

In 1914, how much of peasant holdings were based on scattered strips? What were peasants reluctant to?

Answer 29

90%

New farming methods

Question 30

Who lost their land? What did many do afterwards?

Answer 30

Poorer peasants

Factory or seasonal work

Question 31

What was Siberia like in terms of climate?

Answer 31

Difficult terrain