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Italian: Da Capo > Chapter 14 Grammar > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

the passive voice in constructed with ?

A

the desired tense of essere + past participle

the agent, if expressed, is preceded by da following an indirect object

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2
Q

Venire can be used in the passive voice in

A

simple tenses only

Le vengono (sono) discusse in parlamento
Laws are discussed in parliament
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3
Q

andare can be used with verbs that indicate ?

A

loss of something

perdere,
distruggere,
sprecare
smarrire

Molto cibo va (è) sprecato nei ristoranti.
A lot of food was wasted in restaurants

Alcuni documenti importanti erano andati (erano stati) distrutti nell’incendio
Some important documents were destroyed in the fire

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4
Q

Andare + past participle can be used in simple tenses to?

A

express necessity or obligation
( like dover essere + past participle)

Il vino bianco va servito (deve essere servito) freddo.
White wine must be served cold

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5
Q

va considerato

A

it must be considered

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6
Q

va detto

A

it must be said

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7
Q

va notato

A

it must be noticed

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8
Q

va ricordato

A

it must be remembered

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9
Q

va ripetuto

A

it must be repeated

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10
Q

non va demanticato

A

it mustn’t be forgotten

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11
Q

Only what kind of verbs can be put into passive form?

A

transitive

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12
Q

The direct object of an active sentence is made into the ? in a passive sentence

A

subject

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13
Q

An indirect object in an active sentence ?

A

remains an indirect object

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14
Q

the passive voice can also be expressed with

A

si + active form of the verb

particularly when the subject is not expressed
the verb is in the third-person singular or plural

the subject usually follows the verb

in compound tenses in essere is used

Non si studia abbastanza l’italiano.
Italian isn’t studied enough.

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15
Q

the impersonal si expressed by

A

Si + third-person singular

Si mangia tardi.
One eats late

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16
Q

The verb in impersonal expressions are singular , adjectives or nouns referring to the subject are

A

plural

Quando si è stanchi, non si ragiona bene.

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17
Q

In the si impersonale construction, compound tenses are always formed with

A

essere

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18
Q

If the verb normally requires avere the past participles takes

A

the masculine singular ending -o

Si è riso molto alla festa (La gente ha riso…)
People laughed a lot at the party.

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19
Q

If the verb normally requires essere, the past participles take

A

a plural ending

Si è nati per soffrire (Uno è nato…)
We were born to suffer.

20
Q

When a reflexive verb is used in the impersonal,

si si + verb becomes (impersonal + reflexive + verb)

A

ci si + verb

Ci si alza presto d’estate.
People get up early in the summer.

21
Q

In the si impersonal construction, object pronouns

A

precede si

only ne can follow and the si becomes se: se ne …

Come si parla al nonno? Gli si parla con rispetto.
How does one talk to Grandpa? One talk to him with respect.

Si, se ne può fare a meno.
Yes, people can do without it.

22
Q

What constructions use si

A

reflexive: Luigi si vesti; Louis got dressed
reciprocal: Si sono incontrati al bar; They met one another at the café.
passive: Si richiede la laurea; A university degree is required.

Impersonal: Si dice che nevicharà; They say it will snow.

23
Q

dopo: after, as a preposition and conjugation

A 
preposition
dopo
dopo di  (+ personal pronoun)

Ci vedremo dopo il concerto
We’ll meet after the concert.

conjunctions
dopo che (+ indicative)

Non l’ho più vista dopo che si è sposata.
I didn’t see her anymore after she got married.

24
Q

prima: before, as a preposition and conjugation

A

preposition
prima di

Preparerò la tavola prima di mezzogiorno
I’ll set the table before noon.

Conjugation
prima che (+ subjunctive)

Preparerò la tavola prima che arrivino gli invitati.
I’ll set the table before the guests arrive.

25
Q

perchè: because, as a preposition and conjugation

A

preposition
a causa di

Non sono uscita a causa della neve.
I didn’t go out because of the snow.

conjugation
perché (+ indicative)

Non sono uscita perché nevicava.
I didn’t go out because it was snowing.

26
Q

da: since, as a preposition and conjugation

A

preposition
da

Siamo senz’acqua da domenica
We’ve been without water since Sunday.

conjugation
da quando (+ indicative)

Siamo senz’acqua da quando sei partito tu.
We’ve been without water since you left

27
Q

da: cause, as a preposition and conjugation

A

conjugation
dato che (+ indicative)
poiché (+ indicative)

Non posso comprarlo data che non ho soldi.
I can’t buy it since I don’t have any money.

28
Q

fino: until, as a preposition and conjugation

A

preposition
fino a

Aspettate a uscire fino al mio ritorno.
Wait until my return before going out.

conjugation
finché (+ indicative or subjunctive)

Aspettate a uscire finché io non torni.
Wait until I return before going out.

finché non requires the subjunctive only

29
Q

senza: without, as a preposition and conjugation

A

preposition
senza
senza di (+ personal pronoun)

Siamo rimasti senza soldi.
We remained without money.

conjugation
senza che (+ subjunctive)

Partirono senza che io lo sapessi.
They left without my knowing it.

30
Q

Discorso diretto vs indiretto
usually speech is reported indirectly
introduced by verbs like

A

dire, affermare, dichiarare, esclamare, chiedere, and rispondere followed by che

31
Q

In converting from direct to indirect discourse, no change of tense occurs if the verb introducing direct discourse is in the

A

in the present or future

direct
Fausto dice: <>
Fausto says, “Anna is likable”

indirect
Fausto dice che Anna è simpatica.
Fausto says that Anna is likable.

32
Q

Many tenses and moods change in indirect discourse if the verb introducing the direct discourse is in the

A

past

passato prossimo
passato remoto
imperfetto
trapassato

33
Q

Introduced by a verb in the past, verbs in the present in direct discourse becomes ? in indirect discourse

A

imperfetto

Carlo diceva sempre: <>

Carlo diceva sempre che lui sapeva nuotare molto bene.

34
Q

Introduced by a verb in the past, verbs in the passato prossimo/remoto in direct discourse becomes ? in indirect discourse

A

trapassato prossimo

Carlo ha detto: <>

Carlo had detto che aveva sempre amato i suoi genitori.

35
Q

Introduced by a verb in the past, verbs in the futuro in direct discourse becomes ? in indirect discourse

A

condizionale passato

Carlo ha detto:<>

Carlo ha detto che sarebbe venuto alle otto.

36
Q

Introduced by a verb in the past, verbs in the imperativo in direct discourse becomes ? in indirect discourse

A

congiuntivo imperfetto or di + infinito

Carlo mi ha detto:<>

Carlo ha detto che gli facessi (di fargli) un favore.

37
Q

Introduced by a verb in the past, verbs in the congiuntivo presente in direct discourse becomes ? in indirect discourse

A

congiuntivo imperfetto

Carlo disse:<>

Carlo disse che pensava che lei si sbagliasse

38
Q

Introduced by a verb in the past, verbs in the congiuntivo passato in direct discourse becomes ? in indirect discourse

A

congiuntivo trapassato

Carlo disse:<>

Carlo disse che temeva che avessero avuto un incidente.

39
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, first- and second-person pronouns and possessives become

A

third-person pronouns and possessives

io, tu -- lui
mio, tuo -- suo
a me, a te -- a lui
noi, voi -- loro
nostro, vostro -- loro
a noi, a voi -- a loro
40
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, questo becomes

A

quello

41
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, qui (qua) becomes

A

li (là)

42
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, ora becomes

A

allora

43
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, oggi becomes

A

in quel giorno

that same day

44
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, domani becomes

A

il giorno dopo (l’indomani)

the following day

45
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, ieri becomes

A

il giorno prima

the day before

46
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, la settimana scorsa becomes

A

la settimana precedente

the previous week

47
Q

In direct discourse to indirect discourse, la settimana prossima becomes

A

la settimana seguente

the following week

Italian: Da Capo (28 decks)

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