Vocabulary Chapter 2 Greek to English

Question 1

αἰτίᾱ, αἰτίᾱς, ἡ

Answer 1

cause; responsibility – negative sense of “guilt” or “blame”

Question 2

ἀρχή, ἀρχῆς, ἡ

Answer 2

beginning; (supreme) power, rule; empire. ἐξ ἀρχῆς = “from the beginning”, ἐν ἀρχῇ = “in the beginning”

Question 3

δόξα, δόξης, ἡ

Answer 3

opinion, belief (how things mean to a person); reputation; glory (how a person seems to others); expectation (looking to the past or the future)

Question 4

θάλαττα, θαλάττης, ἡ

Answer 4

sea

Question 5

ἀλήθεια, ἀληθείᾱς, ἡ

Answer 5

truth ἀ- “not”, “without” (alpha primitive) + root “escaping notice”. Dative w/ art. & sometimes ἐν “in truth” or “truly”

Question 6

μοῖρα, μοίρᾱς, ἡ

Answer 6

fate (one’s allotted portion). Capitalized = goddess Fate, plural = Fates (3 daughters of Zeus & Themis)

Question 7

Γοργίᾱς, Γοργίου, ὁ

Answer 7

Gorgias of Leontini in Sicily. Orator and rhetorician

Question 8

νεᾱνίᾱς, νεᾱνίου, ὁ

Answer 8

young man

Question 9

Ἅιδης, Ἅιδου, ὁ

Answer 9

Hades son of Kronos & Rhea & brother of Zeus & Poseidon & consort of Persephone.
Genitive of Possession in common prep. ph.:
ἐξ Ἅιδου (out) from (the house of) Hades.
ἐν Ἅιδου in (the house of) Hades
εἰς/ἐς Ἅιδου to (the house of) Hades

Question 10

Ἀτρείδης, Ἀτρείδου, ὁ

Answer 10

Atreides, son of Atreus.

sing. = Agamemnon
plur. = Agamemnon & Menelaus

Question 11

Εὐρῑπίδης, Εὐρῑπίδου, ὁ

Answer 11

Euripides

Question 12

ποιητής, ποιητοῦ, Ο

Answer 12

maker; poet

Question 13

πολῑ́της, πολῑ́του, ὁ

Answer 13

citizen

Question 14

δῆμος, δήμου, ὁ

Answer 14

(the) people

Question 15

φόβος, φόβου, ὁ

Answer 15

fear

Question 16

οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο

Answer 16

(demonstrative adjective/pronoun) this; pl., these

Question 17

ἀγαθός, ἀγαθή, ἀγαθόν

Answer 17

good

Question 18

Ἀθηναῖος, Ἀθηηναίᾱ, Ἀθηναῖον

Answer 18

Athenian; masc. pl. subst., Athenians

Question 19

δεινός, δεινή, δεινόν

Answer 19

fearsome, terrible (deeds, weapons, gods); marvelous, strange (men, love, birth); clever (with a skill)

neut. subst. common, sing. usu. w/art; pl. usu. w/o art.

pl. as obj. of verbs meaning “do”/”suffer”
subst. “terrible things” illegal, arbitrary conduct or treatment

Question 20

δίκαιος, δικαίᾱ, δίκαιον

Answer 20

right, just

Question 21

ἐχθρός, ἐχθρᾱ́, ἐχθρόν

Answer 21

hated, hateful (passive); hostile (active); masc. subst., enemy
dat. of ref. “to whom” a person or thing is hateful
ἔργα τῷ δικαίῳ ἐχθρά deeds hateful to the just man
Λακεδαιμόνιαι Ἑλένῃ ἐχξραί Spartan women hostile to Helen

Question 22

κακός, κακή, κακόν

Answer 22

bad, evil

Question 23

καλός, καλή, καλόν

Answer 23

beautiful; noble; fine

Question 24

Λακεδαιμόνιος, Λακεδαιμονίᾱ, Λακεδαιμόνιον

Answer 24

Lacedaemonian, Spartan; masc. pl. subst., Lacedaemonians, Spartans

Question 25

νόνος, νόνη, νόνον

Answer 25

only, alone non-attributive position. Sometimes Genitive of Separation & sometimes repeated for emphasis.
νόνοι οἱ θεοί only the gods/the gods alone
Ἑλένης νόνος (a man) alone from (apart from) Helen
σὺν τέκνοις νόνη νόνοις (a woman) alone with her children alone

Question 26

σοφός, σοφή, σοφόν

Answer 26

wise

Question 27

φίλος, φίλη, φίλον

Answer 27

(be)loved, dear (passive); loving, friendly (active); masc./fem. subst., friend; loved one. Dative of Reference to whom someone/something is dear or friendly.
ἀνθρωπον τοῖς θεοῖς φίλον a man dear to the gods
οἱ θεοὶ οἱ ἀνθρώποις φίλοι the gods friendly to men

Question 28

ἄδικος, ἄδικον

Answer 28

unjust
compound adjective w/ only 2 sets of endings
ἀ- (alpha privative) “not” + root adjective = “not just”

Question 29

ἀθάνατος, ἀθάνατον

Answer 29

deathless, immortal
compound adjective w/ only 2 sets of endings
ἀ- (alpha privative) “not” + root adjective = “not mortal”

Question 30

ἀλλά

Answer 30

(conj.) but
adversative conjunction opposes/contrasts what precedes.
after negatives, “but rather”
οὐ/μὴ νόνον … ἀλλὰ (καὶ) … “not only … but (also) …”
narrative transitions/responses in dialogue “but yet” or “well”

Question 31

ἀπό

Answer 31

(prep. + gen.) (away) from
cf. ἐκ ἀπό more remote ideas of distance & descent
χώρᾱ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης a land (at a distance) away from the sea
τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν ἀνθρώπους men (remotely) descended from the gods
departure/motion away from a place, sometimes indicating the starting point, source or cause of an action.

Question 32

διά

Answer 32

(prep. + gen.) through (a place or thing)
διὰ τῆς χώρᾱς through the land
through (express agency w/persons & means w/things)
διὰ τῶν ἀθηναίων through (the agency of) the Athenians
διὰ καλῶν λόγων through (i.e. with) fine words
(prep. + acc.) on account of, because of
διὰ τὴν τῶν θεῶν βουλήν on account of the will of the gods
διὰ τὸν πόλεμον because of the war

Question 33

ἤ

Answer 33

or

Question 34

ἤ … ἤ …

Answer 34

either … or …

Question 35

μή

Answer 35

(adv.) not – negates generic substantives

Question 36

νόνον

Answer 36

(adv.) only

Question 37

οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ

Answer 37

(adv.) not (negates specific substantives)
next word starts with:
consonant οὐ
vowel/diphthong/smooth οὐκ
vowel/diphthong/rough οὐχ
οὔ when last word in clause/sentence
τὸ τέκνον τὸ οὐ κακόν the not bad child
οὐκ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ not in the house
οὐχ ὅπλοις not with weapons

Question 38

οὐ/μή νόνον … ἀλλά καί

Answer 38

not only … but also …

Question 39

θάλασσα, θάλάσσης

Answer 39

sea, alternative Ionic, Thucydides, tragedians spelling