A: Autonomic Nervous system

Question 1

Compare location of preganglionic cell body in sympathetic + parasympathetic

Answer 1

Symp = Spinal cord (T1-L2/3)
Para= Brainstem 3,7,9,10, spinal cord (S2-4)

Question 2

Compare pathway from CNS in sympathetic + parasympathetic

Answer 2

Symp= Spinal + sympathetic nerves
Para= Cranial + pelvic nerves

Question 3

Compare ganglia in sympathetic + parasympathetic

Answer 3

Symp= chain of ganglia
Para = in/on/near organ

Question 4

Compare length of neurons in sympathetic + parasympathetic

Answer 4

Symp preganglionic: short postganglionic: long
Para preganglionic: long postganglionic: short

Question 5

Compare physiological effects in sympathetic + parasympathetic

Answer 5

Symp: fight, flight, fright
Para = rest & digest

Question 6

Compare neurotransmitters in sympathetic + parasympathetic

Answer 6

Symp preganglionic: ACh, postganglionic: noradrenaline
Para pre + postganglionic: ACh

Question 7

Pre ganglionic neuron in SNS origin + how they exit

Answer 7

• Cell bodies in lateral horns of spinal cord T1-L2
  
  • Axons exit by anterior root of spinal nerves
  • Separate from spinal nerves as white rami communicants
    White rami enter sympathetic chains.

Question 8

Preganglionic neuron synapse in SNS

Answer 8

• Paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain)
  
  • Prevertebral ganglia (in front of vertebral column)
    Adrenal medulla

Question 9

Paravertebral ganglia in SNS

Answer 9

• Double chain
  
  • Run anterolateral to vertebral column
  • Run from skull to coccyx
  • Some ganglia fuse together, to fewer ganglia than spinal nerves
  • 3 in cervical region
  • 11 in thoracic region
  • 4 in lumbar region
    4 in sacral region

Question 10

Ways postganglionic neuron can travel in SNS

Answer 10

• Exit in grey ramus communicans to somatic nerves of body wall
• Associate with large arteries to head
• Run directly to thoracic organs

Question 11

Pre vertebral ganglia ANS

Answer 11

• Unpaired not segmentally arranged
  
  • Occur only in abdomen + pelvis
    Located anterior to vertebral column

Question 12

Prevertebral ganglia ANS pathway

Answer 12

Preganglionic neurons leave spinal cord, run through chain of ganglia
Splanchnic nerves contain pre ganglionic sympathetic neurones.

Question 13

Preganglionic neuron ANS

Answer 13

• Found in brain stem and spinal cord lateral gray horns of S2-S4.
  
  • Preganglionic axons from brain pass through cranial nerve 3, 7, 9, 10.
    Preganglionic axons from sacral region pass through pelvic splanchnic nerves.

Question 14

Parasympathetic ganglia synapse

Answer 14

Cranial nerve 3: synapse in ciliary ganglia
Cranial nerve 7: synapse in pterygopalatine + submandibular ganglia
Cranial nerve 9: synapse in otic ganglia
Cranial nerve 10: synapse distributed through throrax + abdomen ganglia

When parasympathetic neurons are leaving sacral region of spinal cord they are called pelvic splanchnic nerves and then pass through inferior hypogastric plexus and ganglia are located in pelvic viscera.

Question 15

Compare Autonomic nervous system and somatic motor system neurons

Answer 15

Somatic motor neuron: one neuron extends from CNS to skeletal muscle
Autonomic nervous system: Chain of 2 neurons - pre + postganglionic neuron

Question 16

Compare autonomic nervous + somatic motor sytem

Answer 16

Question 17

Draw the 3 types of neurons

Answer 17