A&P Chapter 20: Central Nervous System

Question 1

1. From superficial to deep, which is the correct order of location of the meninges?
   a. dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater
   b. pia mater, arachnoid membrane, dura mater
   c. arachnoid membrane, pia mater, dura mater
   d. dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid membrane

Answer 1

1. a. dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater
   p. 437

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 2

2. The falx cerebri separates the:
   a. two hemispheres of the cerebellum.
   b. cerebellum from the cerebrum.
   c. two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
   d. dura mater from the arachnoid.

Answer 2

2. c. two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
   p. 437

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 3

3. The cerebrospinal fluid resides in the:
   a. epidural space.
   b. subarachnoid space.
   c. subdural space.
   d. piarachnoid space.

Answer 3

3. b. subarachnoid space.
   p. 439

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 4

4. The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bones is the:
   a. pia mater.
   b. arachnoid membrane.
   c. dura mater.

Answer 4

4. c. dura mater.
   p. 437

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 5

5. Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs mainly in the:
   a. cerebral aqueduct.
   b. superior sagittal sinus.
   c. choroid plexuses.
   d. median foramen.

Answer 5

5. c. choroid plexuses.
   p. 439

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 6

6. The lateral ventricles are located within the:
   a. cerebrum.
   b. cerebellum.
   c. spinal cord.
   d. none of the above.

Answer 6

6. a. cerebrum.
   p. 439

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 7

7. CSF is absorbed into the venous blood via the:
   a. cisterna magna.
   b. choroid plexus.
   c. falx cerebri.
   d. arachnoid villus.

Answer 7

7. d. arachnoid villus.
   p. 440

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 8

8. CSF is not found in the:
   a. central canal.
   b. subarachnoid space.
   c. third ventricle.
   d. subdural space.

Answer 8

8. d. subdural space.
   p. 439

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 9

9. ______ The four large, fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called ventricles.

True or False

Answer 9

9. True
   p. 439

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 10

10. ______ Interference of CSF circulation, causing the fluid to accumulate in the subarachnoid space, is referred to as external hydrocephalus.

True or False

Answer 10

10. False
    p. 440

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 11

11. ______ transmits impulses of crude touch and pressure
    a. lateral spinothalamic tract
    b. anterior spinothalamic tract
    c. fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus
    d. spinocerebellar tract

Answer 11

11. b. anterior spinothalamic tract
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 12

12. ______ transmits impulses of subconscious kinesthesia
    a. lateral spinothalamic tract
    b. anterior spinothalamic tract
    c. fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus
    d. spinocerebellar tract

Answer 12

12. d. spinocerebellar tract
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 13

13. ______ transmits impulses of crude touch, pain, and temperature
    a. lateral spinothalamic tract
    b. anterior spinothalamic tract
    c. fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus
    d. spinocerebellar tract

Answer 13

13. a. lateral spinothalamic tract
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 14

14. ______ transmits impulses of discriminating touch and kinesthesia
    a. lateral spinothalamic tract
    b. anterior spinothalamic tract
    c. fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus
    d. spinocerebellar tract

Answer 14

14. c. fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 15

15. ______ transmits impulses that control voluntary movement of muscles on the same side of the body
    a. lateral corticospinal tract
    b. anterior corticospinal tract
    c. reticulospinal tract
    d. tectospinal tract
    e. rubrospinal tract

Answer 15

15. b. anterior corticospinal tract
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 16

16. ______ facilitates head and neck movement related to visual reflexes
    a. lateral corticospinal tract
    b. anterior corticospinal tract
    c. reticulospinal tract
    d. tectospinal tract
    e. rubrospinal tract

Answer 16

16. d. tectospinal tract
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 17

17. ______ helps maintain posture during skeletal muscle movements
    a. lateral corticospinal tract
    b. anterior corticospinal tract
    c. reticulospinal tract
    d. tectospinal tract
    e. rubrospinal tract

Answer 17

17. c. reticulospinal tract
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 18

18. ______ transmits impulses that control voluntary movement of muscles on the opposite side of the body
    a. lateral corticospinal tract
    b. anterior corticospinal tract
    c. reticulospinal tract
    d. tectospinal tract
    e. rubrospinal tract

Answer 18

18. a. lateral corticospinal tract
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 19

19. ______ transmits impulses that coordinate body movements and maintenance of posture
    a. lateral corticospinal tract
    b. anterior corticospinal tract
    c. reticulospinal tract
    d. tectospinal tract
    e. rubrospinal tract

Answer 19

19. e. rubrospinal tract
    p. 444

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 20

20. Which of the following is not a part of the brain stem?
    a. medulla oblongata
    b. hypothalamus
    c. pons
    d. midbrain

Answer 20

20. b. hypothalamus
    p. 445

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 21

21. Which of the following is not a component of the midbrain?
    a. cerebral peduncles
    b. corpora quadrigemina
    c. superior colliculi
    d. all of the above are parts of the midbrain

Answer 21

21. d. all of the above are parts of the midbrain
    p. 447

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 22

22. The internal white matter of the cerebellum is the:
    a. arbor vitae.
    b. vermis.
    c. peduncle.
    d. none of the above.

Answer 22

22. a. arbor vitae.
    p. 449

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 23

23. The part of the brain that secretes releasing hormones is the:
    a. thalamus.
    b. hypothalamus.
    c. medulla.
    d. pons.

Answer 23

23. b. hypothalamus.
    p. 453

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 24

24. Regulation of the body’s biological clock and production of melatonin is performed by the:
    a. pons.
    b. thalamus.
    c. cerebellum.
    d. pineal body.

Answer 24

24. d. pineal body.
    p. 454

Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 25

25. The central sulcus divides the: a. temporal lobe and parietal lobe. b. cerebrum into two hemispheres. c. frontal lobe and parietal lobe. d. occipital lobe and parietal lobe.

Answer 25

25. c. frontal lobe and parietal lobe. p. 454 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 26

26. The part of the cerebrum integral to consciousness is: a. Broca’s area. b. the reticular activating system. c. the limbic system. d. the insula.

Answer 26

26. b. the reticular activating system. p. 460 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 27

27. Commissural tracts compose the: a. corpus callosum. b. mammillary body. c. hippocampus. d. central sulcus.

Answer 27

27. a. corpus callosum p. 456 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 28

28. Emotions involve the functioning of the cerebrum’s: a. Broca’s area. b. limbic system. c. reticular activating system. d. caudate nucleus.

Answer 28

28. b. limbic system. p. 461 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 29

29. The type of brain wave associated with deep sleep is: a. delta. b. beta. c. alpha. d. theta.

Answer 29

29. a. delta. p. 459 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 30

30. ______ The cerebellum is the second largest portion of the brain. True or False

Answer 30

30. True p. 449 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 31

31. ______ Functions of the cerebellum include language, memory, and emotions. True or False

Answer 31

31. False p. 460 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 32

32. ______ The vomiting reflex is mediated by the cerebellum. True or False

Answer 32

32. False p. 449 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 33

33. ______ The shallow grooves of the cerebrum are called sulci. True or False

Answer 33

33. True p. 454 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 34

34. ______ The islands of gray matter inside the hemispheres of the cerebrum are called the basal ganglia. True or False

Answer 34

34. True p. 456 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 35

35. Which of the following is not a pathway that produces sensations of touch and pressure? a. medial lemniscal system b. spinothalamic pathway c. rubrospinal tract d. all of the above are pathways that produce sensations of touch and pressure.

Answer 35

35. c. rubrospinal tract p. 465 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 36

36. Axons from the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord terminate in the: a. cerebral cortex. b. sensory receptors. c. skeletal muscle. d. none of the above.

Answer 36

36. c. skeletal muscle. p. 466 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 37

37. Absence of reflexes is indicative of injury to: a. lower motor neurons. b. upper motor neurons. c. lower sensory neurons. d. upper sensory neurons.

Answer 37

37. a. lower motor neurons. p. 468 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 38

38. ______ Poliomyelitis results in flaccid paralysis via destruction of anterior horn neurons. True or False

Answer 38

38. True p. 466 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 39

39. ______ Extrapyramidal tracts are very simple pyramidal tracts. True or False

Answer 39

39. False p. 467 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 40

40. ______ an inherited form of dementia in which the symptoms first appear between 30 and 40 years of age a. Alzheimer disease b. cerebrovascular accident c. epilepsy d. Huntington disease

Answer 40

40. d. Huntington disease p. 470 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 41

41. ______ a hemorrhage from or cessation of blood flow to the cerebral vessels, which destroys neurons a. Alzheimer disease b. cerebrovascular accident c. epilepsy d. Huntington disease

Answer 41

41. b. cerebrovascular accident p. 469 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 42

42. ______ a degenerative disease that affects memory, generally developing during the middle to late adult years and causing characteristic lesions in the cortex a. Alzheimer disease b. cerebrovascular accident c. epilepsy d. Huntington disease

Answer 42

42. a. Alzheimer disease p. 469 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 43

43. _______ recurring or chronic seizure episodes involving sudden bursts of abnormal neuron activity a. Alzheimer disease b. cerebrovascular accident c. epilepsy d. Huntington disease

Answer 43

43. c. epilepsy p. 470 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 44

Applying What You Know! 44. Baby Dania was born with an excessive accumulation of CSF in the ventricles. A catheter was placed in the ventricle and the fluid was drained by means of a shunt into the circulating bloodstream. Question a. What condition does this medical history describe?

Answer 44

44. (a) Hydrocephalus Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 45

Applying What You Know! 45. Julius is exhibiting loss of memory, increasingly limited attention span, deteriorating motor control, and changes in his personality. Question a. What is the general term that can be used to describe his condition? Question b. What specific condition may he be suffering from?

Answer 45

45. (a) dementia (b) Alzheimer disease Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 46

46. The portion of the brain stem that joins the spinal cord to the brain is the: a. pons. b. cerebellum. c. diencephalon. d. hypothalamus. e. medulla.

Answer 46

46. e. medulla. p. 446 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 47

47. Which one of the following is not a function of the brain stem? a. conducts sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the higher centers of the brain b. conducts motor impulses from the cerebrum to the spinal cord c. controls heartbeat, respiration, and blood vessel diameter d. contains centers for speech and memory

Answer 47

47. d. contains centers for speech and memory p. 447 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 48

48. Which one of the following is not part of the diencephalon? a. cerebrum b. thalamus c. hypothalamus d. pineal gland

Answer 48

48. a. cerebrum p. 452 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 49

49. Which one of the following parts of the brain helps in the association of sensations with emotions, as well as aiding in the arousal or alerting mechanism? a. pons b. hypothalamus c. cerebellum d. thalamus e. none of the above is correct

Answer 49

49. d. thalamus p. 453 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 50

50. Which one of the following is not a function of the cerebrum? a. language b. consciousness c. memory d. conscious awareness of sensations e. all of the above are functions of the cerebrum

Answer 50

50. e. all of the above are functions of the cerebrum p. 460 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 51

51. The area of the cerebrum responsible for the perception of sound lies in the ________ lobe. a. frontal b. temporal c. occipital d. parietal

Answer 51

51. b. temporal p. 457 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 52

52. Visual perception is located in the ________ lobe. a. frontal b. temporal c. occipital d. parietal

Answer 52

52. c. occipital p. 457 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 53

53. Which one of the following is not a function of the cerebellum? a. maintains equilibrium b. helps produce smooth, coordinated movements c. helps maintain normal posture d. associates sensations with emotions

Answer 53

53. d. associates sensations with emotions p. 451 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 54

54. The largest section of the brain is the: a. cerebellum. b. pons. c. cerebrum. d. midbrain.

Answer 54

54. c. cerebrum. p. 454 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 55

55. Which statement is false? a. The spinal cord performs two general functions. b. A lumbar puncture is performed to withdraw CSF. c. The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers are called the vital centers. d. The meninges end at L1 in a tapered cone called the cauda equina.

Answer 55

55. d. The meninges end at L1 in a tapered cone called the cauda equina. p. 443 Chapter 20: Central Nervous

Question 56

56. Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? a. major relay station between the cerebral cortex and lower autonomic centers b. serves as a higher autonomic center c. plays an essential role in maintaining the waking state d. regulates voluntary motor functions e. part of the mechanism for regulating appetite

Answer 56

56. d. regulates voluntary motor functions p. 453 Chapter 20: Central Nervous