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xxx Term 2: BIO 202.2 Human A&P II > A&P Quiz #3: Study Guide Questions from Chapters 25, 26, 27 and 42 > Flashcards

A&P Quiz #3: Study Guide Questions from Chapters 25, 26, 27 and 42 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are:
    a. hormones.
    b. neurotransmitters.
    c. target tissues.
    d. target organs.
A
  1. a. hormones.
    p. 562

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true of the endocrine system?
    a. The cells secreting the chemical messengers are called neurons.
    b. The distance traveled by the chemical messengers is short (across a microscopic synapse).
    c. Its effects are slow to appear, yet long-lasting.
    d. None of the above.
A
  1. c. Its effects are slow to appear, yet long-lasting.
    p. 563

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
    a. pineal
    b. placenta
    c. parathyroid
    d. intestines
A
  1. d. intestines
    p. 564

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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4
Q
  1. The neuroendocrine system performs all of the following functions except:
    a. communication.
    b. control.
    c. conduction.
    d. integration.
A
  1. c. conduction.
    p. 563

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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5
Q
  1. The many hormones secreted by endocrine tissues can be classified simply as:
    a. steroid or nonsteroid hormones.
    b. anabolic or catabolic hormones.
    c. sex or nonsex hormones.
    d. tropic or hypotropic hormones.
A
  1. a. steroid or nonsteroid hormones.
    p. 564

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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6
Q
  1. Nonsteroid hormones include:
    a. proteins.
    b. peptides.
    c. glycoproteins.
    d. all of the above.
A
  1. d. all of the above.
    p. 564

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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7
Q
  1. Anabolic hormones:
    a. target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion.
    b. target reproductive tissue.
    c. stimulate anabolism in their target cells.
    d. stimulate catabolism in their target cells.
A
  1. c. stimulate anabolism in their target cells.
    p. 564

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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8
Q
  1. The second messenger often involved in nonsteroid hormone action is:
    a. cAMP.
    b. mRNA.
    c. ATP.
    d. GTP.
A
  1. a. cAMP.
    p. 568

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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9
Q
  1. The control of hormone secretion is:
    a. usually part of a negative feedback loop.
    b. rarely part of a positive feedback loop.
    c. both a and b.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. c. both a and b.
    pp. 569 and 570

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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10
Q
  1. When a small amount of hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect on a target cell, the phenomenon is called:
    a. synergism.
    b. permissiveness.
    c. antagonism.
    d. combination.
A
  1. b. permissiveness.
    p. 567

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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11
Q
  1. Eicosanoids are referred to as:
    a. growth hormones.
    b. tissue hormones.
    c. target cells.
    d. thyroxins.
A
  1. b. tissue hormones.
    p. 572

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is false?
    a. Eicosanoids tend to integrate activities of neighboring cells.
    b. The first prostaglandin was discovered in semen.
    c. Aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis.
    d. PGFs have been used to induce labor and accelerate delivery of a baby.
A
  1. c. Aspirin produces some of its effects by increasing PGE synthesis.
    p. 573

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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13
Q
  1. If norepinephrine diffuses into the blood and then binds to an adrenergic receptor in a distant target cell, it is known as a:
    a. hormone.
    b. neurotransmitter.
    c. second messenger.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. a. hormone.
    p. 563

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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14
Q
  1. All steroid hormones are derived from which common molecule?
    a. amino acid
    b. peptide
    c. cholesterol
    d. protein
A
  1. c. cholesterol
    p. 564

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a peptide?
    a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    b. oxytocin (OT)
    c. melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
    d. testosterone
A
  1. d. testosterone
    p. 564

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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16
Q
  1. Combinations of hormones will have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects that each would have if acting alone. This phenomenon is called:
    a. permissiveness.
    b. synergism.
    c. antagonism.
    d. transduction.
A
  1. b. synergism.
    p. 567

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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17
Q
  1. The target cell concept is an example of the _______ model of chemical reactions.
    a. lock-and-key
    b. signal transduction
    c. mobile-receptor
    d. nuclear-receptor
A
  1. a. lock-and-key
    p. 567

Chapter 25: Endocrine Regulation

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18
Q
  1. The pituitary is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the:
    a. physis.
    b. infundibulum.
    c. pars intermedia.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. b. infundibulum.
    p. 580

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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19
Q
  1. The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis is called the:
    a. hypophyseal portal system.
    b. hepatic portal system.
    c. releasing hormone portal system.
    d. both a and c.
A
  1. a. hypophyseal portal system.
    p. 583

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following links the nervous system with the endocrine system?
    a. pituitary
    b. pineal gland
    c. thalamus
    d. hypothalamus
A
  1. d. hypothalamus
    p. 585

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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21
Q
  1. Hypersecretion of prolactin can cause:
    a. insufficient milk production in nursing women.
    b. atrophy of breast tissue in non-nursing women.
    c. impotence in men.
    d. both a and b.
A
  1. c. impotence in men.
    p. 582

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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22
Q
  1. Psychosomatic and somatopsychic relationships between human body systems and the brain:
    a. are not believed to exist.
    b. are a real phenomenon.
    c. have a minimal effect on human physiology.
    d. none of the above.
A
  1. b. are a real phenomenon.
    p. 585

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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23
Q
  1. Which thyroid hormone is released in greatest quantity?
    a. T3
    b. T4
    c. triiodothyronine
    d. calcitonin
A
  1. b. T4
    p. 588

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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24
Q
  1. The principal thyroid hormone is:
    a. thyroxine.
    b. triiodothyronine.
    c. T4.
    d. both a and c.
A
  1. b. triiodothyronine.
    p. 588

Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands

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25
17. The two lobes of the thyroid are connected by the: a. infundibulum. b. isthmus. c. peninsula. d. islet.
17. b. isthmus. p. 587 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
26
18. High blood calcium levels can cause all of the following except: a. constipation. b. muscle spasms. c. lethargy. d. coma.
18. b. muscle spasms. p. 591 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
27
19. PTH increases calcium absorption in the intestines by activating: a. vitamin A. b. vitamin C. c. vitamin D. d. iron.
19. c. vitamin D. p. 590 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
28
25. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adrenal cortex? a. aldosterone b. epinephrine c. adrenal androgens d. adrenal estrogens
25. b. epinephrine p. 594 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
29
26. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adrenal medulla? a. epinephrine b. norepinephrine c. adrenaline d. all of the above are secreted by the adrenal medulla
26. d. all of the above are secreted by the adrenal medulla p. 595 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
30
27. The most physiologically important mineralocorticoid is: a. aldosterone. b. angiotensin II. c. renin. d. angiotensin I.
27. a. aldosterone. p. 593 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
31
31. Glucagon functions to: a. promote the entry of glucose into cells. b. convert glucose into glycogen. c. increase blood glucose concentration. d. decrease blood glucose concentration.
31. c. increase blood glucose concentration. p. 596 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
32
32. Insulin functions to: a. decrease blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. b. increase blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. c. inhibit the secretion of growth hormone. d. both a and c.
32. a. decrease blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. p. 596 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
33
39. The major hormone produced by the corpus luteum is: a. progesterone. b. estrogen. c. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). d. none of the above.
39. a. progesterone. p. 598 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
34
40. Testosterone is produced by: a. seminiferous tubules. b. interstitial cells. c. LH. d. the scrotum.
40. b. interstitial cells. p. 598 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
35
41. The hormone that can be detected during the early part of a woman’s pregnancy with an over-the-counter kit is: a. LH. b. estrogen. c. hCG. d. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH).
41. c. hCG. p. 598 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
36
55. What does the outer zone of the adrenal cortex secrete? a. mineralocorticoids b. sex hormones c. glucocorticoids d. epinephrine
55. a. mineralocorticoids p. 592 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
37
56. From what condition does diabetes insipidus result? a. low insulin levels b. high glucagon levels c. low antidiuretic hormone levels d. high steroid levels
56. c. low antidiuretic hormone levels p. 586 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
38
57. Which of the following statements is true regarding a young child whose growth is stunted, metabolism is low, sexual development is delayed, and mental development is retarded? a. The child may suffer from cretinism. b. The child may have an underactive thyroid. c. Profound manifestations of the described condition may result in deformed dwarfism. d. all of the above
57. d. all of the above p. 590 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
39
58. What can result when too much growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland? a. hyperglycemia b. a pituitary giant c. both a and b d. none of the above
58. c. both a and b p. 582 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
40
59. Which of the following glands is/are not regulated by the pituitary? a. thyroid b. ovaries c. adrenals d. thymus
59. d. thymus p. 580 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
41
60. Which of the following statements about the antidiuretic hormone is true? a. It is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary. b. It causes diabetes insipidus when produced in insufficient amounts. c. It decreases urine volume. d. all of the above
60. d. all of the above pp. 585 and 586 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
42
61. What controls the development of the body’s immune system? a. pituitary b. thymus c. pineal body d. thyroid
61. b. thymus p. 598 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
43
62. Administration of which of the following would best treat a person suffering from rheumatoid arthritis? a. gonadocorticoids b. glucagon c. mineralocorticoids d. glucocorticoids
62. d. glucocorticoids p. 595 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
44
63. Which endocrine gland is composed of cell clusters called the islets of Langerhans? a. adrenals b. thyroid c. pituitary d. pancreas
63. d. pancreas p. 595 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
45
64. The normal adrenal cortex secretes small amounts of _________________. a. epinephrine b. androgens c. ADH d. hCG
64. b. androgens p. 594 Chapter 26: Endocrine Glands
46
1. The composition of blood is: a. 55% plasma, 45% formed elements. b. 45% plasma, 55% formed elements. c. 50% plasma, 50% formed elements. d. none of the above
1. a. 55% plasma, 45% formed elements. p. 612 Chapter 27: Blood
47
2. A hematocrit of 45% means that in every 100 mL of whole blood: a. there are 45 mL of red blood cells and 55 mL of plasma. b. there are 45 mL of plasma and 55 mL of red blood cells. c. 45% of the formed elements are red blood cells. d. plasma is 45% of the circulating whole blood.
2. a. there are 45 mL of red blood cells and 55 mL of plasma. p. 613 Chapter 27: Blood
48
3. Reduced red blood cell numbers cause: a. polycythemia. b. buffy coat. c. anemia. d. both a and c.
3. c. anemia. p. 613 Chapter 27: Blood
49
4. Which of the following formed elements carry oxygen? a. leukocytes b. erythrocytes c. thrombocytes d. monocytes
4. b. erythrocytes p. 611 Chapter 27: Blood
50
5. All formed elements arise from which stem cell? a. proerythroblast b. megakaryoblast c. lymphoblast d. hemocytoblast
5. d. hemocytoblast p. 616 Chapter 27: Blood
51
16. A person with antibody A in his or her plasma would have which blood type? a. type A b. type B c. type AB d. type O
16. b. type B p. 618 Chapter 27: Blood
52
17. People with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood contains: a. neither A nor B antigens on their RBCs. b. both A and B antigens in their blood plasma. c. the Rh antigen on their RBCs. d. none of the above
17. a. neither A nor B antigens on their RBCs. p. 619 Chapter 27: Blood
53
18. A blood type and crossmatch is performed prior to transfusion. If this procedure is not completed: a. the blood may agglutinate. b. blood lysis may occur. c. a transfusion reaction may occur. d. all of the above
18. d. all of the above p. 620 Chapter 27: Blood
54
32. Which of the following is not a critical component of coagulation? a. thrombin b. fibrinolysis c. fibrinogen d. fibrin
32. b. fibrinolysis p. 625 Chapter 27: Blood
55
33. For prothrombin to be synthesized by the liver, an adequate amount of which vitamin is required? a. vitamin A b. vitamin C c. vitamin D d. vitamin K
33. d. vitamin K p. 628 Chapter 27: Blood
56
34. Which of the following does not hasten clotting? a. rough spot in the endothelium b. abnormally slow blood flow c. heparin d. all of the above hasten clotting
34. c. heparin p. 628 Chapter 27: Blood
57
46. Which of the following statements is false? a. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic defect. b. Leukemia is characterized by a low number of WBCs. c. Polycythemia is characterized by an abnormally high number of erythrocytes. d. Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of vitamin B12.
46. b. Leukemia is characterized by a low number of WBCs. pages 630 and 631 Chapter 27: Blood
58
47. Deficiency in the number or function of erythrocytes is called: a. leukemia. b. anemia. c. polycythemia. d. leukopenia.
47. b. anemia. p. 615 Chapter 27: Blood
59
48. Which of the following statements does not describe a characteristic of leukocytes? a. They are disc-shaped cells that do not contain a nucleus. b. They have the ability to fight infection. c. They provide defense against certain parasites. d. They provide immune defense.
48. a. They are disc-shaped cells that do not contain a nucleus. p. 622 Chapter 27: Blood
60
49. Which of the following substances is not found in serum? a. clotting factors b. water c. hormones d. all of the above are found in serum
49. a. clotting factors p. 613 Chapter 27: Blood
61
50. Which of the following substances is not found in blood plasma? a. water b. oxygen c. hormones d. all of the above are found in blood plasma
50. d. all of the above are found in blood plasma p. 613 Chapter 27: Blood
62
51. An allergic reaction may increase the number of: a. eosinophils. b. neutrophils. c. lymphocytes. d. monocytes.
51. a. eosinophils. p. 622 Chapter 27: Blood
63
52. What is a blood clot that is moving through the body called? a. embolism b. fibrosis c. heparin d. thrombosis
52. a. embolism p. 631 Chapter 27: Blood
64
53. When could difficulty with the Rh blood factor arise? a. Rh-negative man and woman produce a child. b. Rh-positive man and woman produce a child. c. Rh-positive woman and an Rh-negative man produce a child. d. Rh-negative woman and an Rh-positive man produce a child.
53. d. Rh-negative woman and an Rh-positive man produce a child. p. 620 Chapter 27: Blood
65
54. What is the primary function of hemoglobin? a. fight infection b. produce blood clots c. carry oxygen d. transport hormones
54. c. carry oxygen p. 615 Chapter 27: Blood
66
55. Are any of the following steps not involved in blood clot formation? a. A blood vessel is injured and platelet factors are formed. b. Thrombin is converted into prothrombin. c. Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin. d. All of the above are involved in blood clot formation.
55. b. Thrombin is converted into prothrombin. p. 625 Chapter 27: Blood
67
1. Which of the following is regulated by the kidneys? a. water content of the blood b. blood pH level c. blood ion concentration d. all of the above
1. d. all of the above p. 966 Chapter 42: Urinary System
68
2. The medial surface of each kidney has a notch called the: a. medulla. b. cortex. c. hilum. d. pelvis.
2. c. hilum. p. 968 Chapter 42: Urinary System
69
3. At the beginning of the “plumbing system” of the urinary system, urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures called: a. renal columns. b. renal pyramids. c. calyces. d. ureters.
3. c. calyces. p. 968 Chapter 42: Urinary System
70
4. The functional unit of the kidney is the: a. renal corpuscle. b. nephron. c. juxtaglomerular apparatus. d. Bowman’s capsule.
4. b. nephron. p. 971 Chapter 42: Urinary System
71
5. Which of the following is a component of the renal corpuscle? a. glomerulus b. Bowman’s capsule c. afferent arteriole d. both a and b
5. d. both a and b p. 972 Chapter 42: Urinary System
72
6. Which of the following structures secretes renin when blood pressure in the afferent arteriole drops? a. renal tubule b. proximal convoluted tubule c. juxtaglomerular apparatus d. both a and b
6. c. juxtaglomerular apparatus p. 976 Chapter 42: Urinary System
73
7. Substances pass from the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule by: a. diffusion. b. active transport. c. filtration. d. osmosis.
7. c. filtration. p. 978 Chapter 42: Urinary System
74
8. The juxtaglomerular cells reside in the: a. afferent arteriole. b. efferent arteriole. c. proximal convoluted tubule. d. distal convoluted tubule.
8. a. afferent arteriole. p. 976 Chapter 42: Urinary System
75
16. Which of the following is not one of the processes of urine formation? a. filtration b. diffusion c. reabsorption d. secretion
16. b. diffusion p. 978 Chapter 42: Urinary System
76
17. The movement of water and solutes from the plasma in the glomerulus, across the glomerular- capsular membrane, and into the capsular space of the Bowman’s capsule is termed: a. filtration. b. diffusion. c. reabsorption. d. secretion.
17. a. filtration. p. 978 Chapter 42: Urinary System
77
18. The movement of molecules out of the peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion is: a. filtration. b. diffusion. c. reabsorption. d. secretion.
18. d. secretion. p. 978 Chapter 42: Urinary System
78
19. Under normal conditions, most water, electrolytes, and nutrients are reabsorbed in the: a. proximal convoluted tubule. b. distal convoluted tubule. c. Henle loop. d. collecting duct.
19. a. proximal convoluted tubule. p. 980 Chapter 42: Urinary System
79
20. Which of the following is considered a countercurrent structure? a. glomerulus b. proximal convoluted tubule c. Henle loop d. distal convoluted tubule
20. c. Henle loop p. 981 Chapter 42: Urinary System
80
21. Water loss from the blood is reduced by: a. ADH. b. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH). c. aldosterone. d. both a and c.
21. d. both a and c. p. 985 Chapter 42: Urinary System
81
22. Dysuria is a term describing: a. blood in the urine. b. pus in the urine. c. painful urination. d. absence of urine.
22. c. painful urination. p. 990 Chapter 42: Urinary System
82
23. All of the following are normal contents of urine except: a. nitrogenous wastes. b. hormones. c. pigments. d. plasma proteins.
23. d. plasma proteins. p. 989 Chapter 42: Urinary System
83
24. Which of the following is not symptomatic of diabetes mellitus? a. copious urination b. glycosuria c. anuria d. diuresis
24. c. anuria pages 981 and 985 Chapter 42: Urinary System
84
50. Which of the following processes is used by the artificial kidney to remove waste materials from the blood? a. pinocytosis b. dialysis c. catheterization d. active transport
50. b. dialysis p. 992 Chapter 42: Urinary System
85
51. Failure of the kidneys to remove wastes from the blood will result in which of the following? a. retention b. anuria c. incontinence d. uremia
51. d. uremia p. 993 Chapter 42: Urinary System
86
52. Hydrogen ions are transferred from blood into the urine during which of the following processes? a. secretion b. filtration c. reabsorption d. all of the above
52. a. secretion p. 984 Chapter 42: Urinary System
87
53. Which of the following conditions would be considered normal in an infant younger than 2 years of age? a. retention b. cystitis c. incontinence d. anuria
53. c. incontinence p. 989 Chapter 42: Urinary System
88
54. Which of the following steps involved in urine formation allows the blood to retain most body nutrients? a. secretion b. filtration c. reabsorption d. all of the above
54. c. reabsorption p. 980 Chapter 42: Urinary System
89
55. Voluntary control of micturition is achieved by the action of which of the following? a. internal urethral sphincter b. external urethral sphincter c. trigone d. bladder muscles
55. b. external urethral sphincter p. 971 Chapter 42: Urinary System
90
57. What are the capillary loops contained within Bowman’s capsule called? a. convoluted tubules b. glomeruli c. limbs of Henle d. collecting ducts
57. b. glomeruli p. 972 Chapter 42: Urinary System
91
58. The triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney are known as: a. pyramids. b. papillae. c. calyces. d. nephrons.
58. a. pyramids. p. 968 Chapter 42: Urinary System
92
59. The trigone is located in the: a. kidney. b. bladder. c. ureter. d. urethra.
59. b. bladder. p. 969 Chapter 42: Urinary System
93
56. What is the structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder called? a. urethra b. Bowman’s capsule c. ureter d. renal pelvis
56. c. ureter p. 969 Chapter 42: Urinary System

xxx Term 2: BIO 202.2 Human A&P II (20 decks)

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