A&P Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 1

1. Olfactory receptors and taste buds are:
   a. thermoreceptors.
   b. chemoreceptors.
   c. nociceptors.
   d. mechanoreceptors.

Answer 1

1. b. chemoreceptors.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 2

2. Olfactory epithelium consists of:
   a. epithelial support cells.
   b. basal cells.
   c. cilia.
   d. all of the above.

Answer 2

2. d. all of the above.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 3

3. All of the following are primary taste sensations except:
   a. sweet.
   b. sour.
   c. spicy.
   d. bitter.

Answer 3

3. c. spicy.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 4

4. Nerve impulses responsible for the sensation of taste are carried in all of the following cranial nerves except:
   a. VII.
   b. VIII.
   c. IX.
   d. X.

Answer 4

4. b. VIII.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 5

5. ______ Olfaction requires the chemical response of a dissolved substance for a stimulus.

True or False

Answer 5

5. True
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 6

6. ______ The olfactory receptor cells lie in an excellent position functionally to smell delicate odors.

True or False

Answer 6

6. False
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 7

7. ______ The transmission pathway for olfactory sensations is as follows: olfactory cilia, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, thalamic and olfactory centers of the brain.

True or False

Answer 7

7. True
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 8

8. ______ The tip of the tongue reacts best to bitter taste.

True or False

Answer 8

8. False
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 9

9. Which of the following is a structure of the middle ear?
   a. incus
   b. oval window
   c. cranial nerve VII
   d. vestibule

Answer 9

9. a. incus
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 10

10. The auditory tube connects the:
    a. inner ear and cranial nerve VIII.
    b. middle ear and the auditory ossicles.
    c. middle ear and the nasopharynx.
    d. oval window and the round window.

Answer 10

10. c. middle ear and the nasopharynx.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 11

11. The only structure of the inner ear concerned with hearing is the:
    a. utricle.
    b. saccule.
    c. semicircular canals.
    d. cochlear duct.

Answer 11

11. d. cochlear duct.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 12

12. Otoliths are:
    a. responsible for tinnitus.
    b. responsible for the “righting reflex.”
    c. responsible for excess ear wax.
    d. ear stones.

Answer 12

12. d. ear stones.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 13

13. The neuronal pathway of hearing begins at the:
    a. vestibular nerve.
    b. cochlear nerve.
    c. vestibulocochlear nerve.
    d. cranial nerve VII.

Answer 13

13. b. cochlear nerve.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 14

14. Dynamic equilibrium depends on the functioning of the:
    a. organ of Corti.
    b. crista ampullaris.
    c. macula.
    d. tectorial membrane.

Answer 14

14. b. crista ampullaris.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 15

15. The sense organ(s) responsible for the sense of balance is/are located in the:
    a. vestibule.
    b. cochlea.
    c. semicircular canals.
    d. both a and c.

Answer 15

15. d. both a and c.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 16

16. ______ The membranous labyrinth is filled with endolymph.

True or False

Answer 16

16. True
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 17

17. ______ The correct order of the auditory ossicles from deep to the tympanic membrane is incus, malleus, and stapes.

True or False

Answer 17

17. False
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 18

18. ______ If the hairs of the organ of Corti are damaged, nerve deafness results—even if the vestibulocochlear nerve is healthy.

True or False

Answer 18

18. True
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 19

19. ______ Movement of the tympanic membrane from sound waves initiates vibration of the auditory ossicles.

True or False

Answer 19

19. True
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 20

20. ______ Vertigo essentially means “fear of heights.”

True or False

Answer 20

20. False
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 21

21. From superficial to deep, the three layers of tissue that compose the eyeball are:
    a. sclera, retina, choroid.
    b. choroid, sclera, retina.
    c. sclera, choroid, retina.
    d. retina, choroid, sclera.

Answer 21

21. c. sclera, choroid, retina.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 22

22. The anterior portion of the sclera is called the:
    a. cornea.
    b. iris.
    c. lens.
    d. conjunctiva.

Answer 22

22. a. cornea.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 23

23. The neurons of the retina, in the order in which they conduct impulses, are:
    a. photoreceptor neurons, bipolar neurons, ganglion neurons.
    b. photoreceptor neurons, ganglion neurons, bipolar neurons.
    c. bipolar neurons, photoreceptor neurons, ganglion neurons.
    d. bipolar neurons, ganglion neurons, photoreceptor neurons.

Answer 23

23. a. photoreceptor neurons, bipolar neurons, ganglion neurons.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 24

24. All of the axons of ganglion neurons extend back to an area of the posterior eyeball called the:
    a. fovea centralis.
    b. macula lutea.
    c. canal of Schlemm.
    d. optic disk.

Answer 24

24. d. optic disk.
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Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 25

25. Which of the following spaces contains the vitreous body? a. anterior chamber b. posterior chamber c. anterior cavity d. posterior cavity

Answer 25

25. d. posterior cavity p. 547 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 26

26. The white of the eye is called the: a. sclera. b. choroid. c. retina. d. cornea.

Answer 26

26. a. sclera. p. 544 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 27

27. The function of the lacrimal gland is to: a. secrete aqueous humor. b. secrete vitreous humor. c. secrete tears. d. none of the above.

Answer 27

27. c. secrete tears. p. 543 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 28

28. Accommodation of the lens for near vision necessitates: a. increased curvature of the lens. b. relaxation of the ciliary muscle. c. contraction of the suspensory ligament. d. dilation of the pupil.

Answer 28

28. a. increased curvature of the lens. p. 548 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 29

29. People whose acuity is worse than 20/200 after correction are considered to be: a. nearsighted. b. farsighted. c. legally blind. d. none of the above.

Answer 29

29. c. legally blind. p. 548 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 30

30. An intrinsic eye muscle is the: a. iris. b. pupil. c. sclera. d. retina.

Answer 30

30. a. iris. p. 544 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 31

31. ______ Mucous membrane, called canthus, lines each eyelid. True or False

Answer 31

31. False p. 543 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 32

32. ______ All the muscles associated with the eye are smooth or involuntary. True or False

Answer 32

32. False p. 544 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 33

33. ______ Conjunctivitis is a highly contagious infection. True or False

Answer 33

33. True p. 555 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 34

34. ______ Corneal tissue is avascular. True or False

Answer 34

34. True p. 544 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 35

35. ______ Deficiency of the blue-sensitive photopigments is the most common form of color blindness. True or False

Answer 35

35. False p. 550 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 36

36. ______ The opening and separation of opsin and retinal in the presence of light is called bleaching. True or False

Answer 36

36. True p. 550 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 37

37. ______ The retina is the incomplete innermost coat of the eyeball in that it has no anterior portion. True or False

Answer 37

37. True p. 546 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 38

38. ______ Refraction means “the deflection or bending of light rays.” True or False

Answer 38

38. True p. 548 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 39

39. ______ A person with a 20/100 vision can see objects at 100 feet that a person with normal vision can see at 20 feet. True or False

Answer 39

39. False p. 548 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 40

40. ______ A person with strabismus usually has double vision. True or False

Answer 40

40. False p. 550 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 41

41. ______ inherited bone disorder that impairs conduction by causing structural irregularities in the stapes a. tinnitus b. presbycusis c. otosclerosis d. otitis media e. vertigo f. Ménière disease

Answer 41

41. c. otosclerosis p. 553 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 42

42. ______ “ringing in the ear” a. tinnitus b. presbycusis c. otosclerosis d. otitis media e. vertigo f. Ménière disease

Answer 42

42. a. tinnitus p. 553 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 43

43. ______ middle ear infection a. tinnitus b. presbycusis c. otosclerosis d. otitis media e. vertigo f. Ménière disease

Answer 43

43. d. otitis media p. 553 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 44

44. ______ sensation of spinning a. tinnitus b. presbycusis c. otosclerosis d. otitis media e. vertigo f. Ménière disease

Answer 44

44. e. vertigo p. 554 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 45

45. ______ progressive hearing loss associated with aging a. tinnitus b. presbycusis c. otosclerosis d. otitis media e. vertigo f. Ménière disease

Answer 45

45. b. presbycusis p. 553 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 46

46. ______ chronic inner ear disease characterized by progressive nerve deafness and vertigo a. tinnitus b. presbycusis c. otosclerosis d. otitis media e. vertigo f. Ménière disease

Answer 46

46. f. Ménière disease p. 554 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 47

47. ______ nearsightedness a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 47

47. c. myopia p. 554 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 48

48. ______ an irregularity in the cornea a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 48

48. e. astigmatism p. 554 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 49

49. ______ “pink-eye” a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 49

49. f. conjunctivitis p. 555 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 50

50. ______ chlamydial conjunctivitis a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 50

50. a. trachoma p. 555 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 51

51. ______ cloudy spots in the eye’s lens a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 51

51. j. cataracts p. 554 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 52

52. ______ often caused by diabetes mellitus a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 52

52. b. retinopathy p. 555 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 53

53. ______ farsightedness a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 53

53. h. hyperopia p. 554 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 54

54. ______ “night blindness” a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 54

54. g. nyctalopia p. 555 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 55

55. ______ loss of only the center of the visual field a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 55

55. i. scotoma p. 555 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 56

56. ______ excessive intraocular pressure caused by abnormal accumulation of aqueous humor a. trachoma b. retinopathy c. myopia d. glaucoma e. astigmatism f. conjunctivitis g. nyctalopia h. hyperopia i. scotoma j. cataracts

Answer 56

56. d. glaucoma p. 555 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 57

Applying What You Know! 57. Jada became ill repeatedly with throat infections during her first few years of school. Lately she has noticed that whenever she has a throat infection, her ears become very sore also. What might be the cause of this additional problem?

Answer 57

57. The eustachian tube connects the throat to the middle ear and provides a perfect pathway for the spread of infection. Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 58

Applying What You Know! 58. Deb is a woman with unusually poor vision. Without glasses, she needs to stand 20 feet away from an object to see it, whereas a person with normal vision could see that same object from 400 feet. Question a. How would you quantify her visual acuity? Question b. What must she score in a visual acuity exam after correction with glasses to avoid being designated as legally blind? Question c. With which type of refraction disorder is she afflicted? Question d. What shape lenses would be required to focus a clear image on her retina?

Answer 58

58. (a) Legally blind (b) 20/200 (c) myopia (d) concave contact lenses or glasses Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 59

59. Where are the specialized mechanoreceptors of hearing and balance located? a. inner ear b. malleus c. helix d. all of the above

Answer 59

59. a. inner ear p. 538 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 60

60. The organ of Corti is the sense organ of what sense? a. sight b. hearing c. pressure d. taste

Answer 60

60. b. hearing p. 539 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 61

61. Where are taste sensations interpreted? a. cerebral cortex b. nasal cavity c. area of stimulation d. none of the above

Answer 61

61. a. cerebral cortex p. 536 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 62

62. An eye physician is an: a. oculist. b. optometrist. c. ophthalmologist. d. none of the above.

Answer 62

62. c. ophthalmologist. p. 542 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 63

63. Which of the following statements about the sclera is true? a. It is a mucous membrane. b. It is called the white of the eye. c. It lies behind the iris. d. All of the above are true.

Answer 63

63. b. It is called the white of the eye p. 544 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 64

64. Which of the following is activated by chemoreceptors? a. rods and cones b. gustatory cells c. organ of Corti d. cristae ampullares

Answer 64

64. b. gustatory cells p. 535 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 65

65. The retina contains microscopic receptor cells called: a. mechanoreceptors. b. chemoreceptors. c. olfactory receptors. d. rods and cones.

Answer 65

65. d. rods and cones. p. 546 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 66

66. Which two involuntary muscles make up the front part of the eye? a. malleus and incus b. iris and ciliary muscle c. retina and pacinian muscle d. sclera and iris

Answer 66

66. b. iris and ciliary muscle p. 545 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 67

67. Which of the following statements about gustatory sense organs is true? a. They are called taste buds. b. They are innervated by cranial nerves VII and IX. c. They work together with the olfactory senses. d. All of the above are true.

Answer 67

67. d. All of the above are true. p. 534 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 68

68. The external ear consists of the: a. auricle and external acoustic meatus. b. labyrinth. c. organ of Corti and cochlea. d. none of the above.

Answer 68

68. a. auricle and external acoustic meatus. p. 537 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 69

69. ______ The tympanic membrane separates the middle ear from the external ear. True or False

Answer 69

69. True p. 537 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 70

70. ______ Glaucoma may result from a blockage of flow of the vitreous body. True or False

Answer 70

70. False p. 555 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 71

71. ______ With the condition of presbyopia, the eye lens loses its elasticity. True or False

Answer 71

71. True p. 554 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 72

72. ______ The crista ampullaris is located in the nasal cavity. True or False

Answer 72

72. False p. 541 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 73

73. ______ Myopia occurs when images are focused in front of the retina rather than on it. True or False

Answer 73

73. True p. 554 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 74

74. ______ Light enters through the pupil, and the size of the pupil is regulated by the iris. True or False

Answer 74

74. True p. 545 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 75

75. ______ The retina is the innermost layer of the eye and contains structures called rods. True or False

Answer 75

75. True p. 546 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 76

76. ______ The olfactory receptors are chemical receptors. True or False

Answer 76

76. True p. 533 Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 77

77. ______ Meissner’s corpuscle is a tactile corpuscle. True or False

Answer 77

77. True p. 526 (review of previous chapter material) Chapter 24: Sense Organs

Question 78

78. ______ The macula provides information related to head position or acceleration. True or False

Answer 78

78. True p. 540 Chapter 24: Sense Organs