A&P Chapter 7: Cell Growth and Development Study Guide

Question 1

1. Protein synthesis:

a. is required for cell growth.
b. begins with reading of the genetic “master code”
in the cell’s DNA.
c. influences all cell structures and functions.
d. all of the above.

Answer 1

d. all of the above

Answer on p. 121

Question 2

2. In pairs forms a(n):

a. codon.
b. anticodon.
c. polymerase.
d. none of the above.

Answer 2

a. codon

Answer on p. 121

Question 3

3. Transcription can best be described as the:

a. synthesis of DNA.
b. synthesis of any RNA molecule.
c. reading of any mRNA codons by tRNA.
d. entire set of DNA.

Answer 3

b. synthesis of any RNA molecule.

Answer on p. 128

Question 4

4. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Complex polypeptide chains form tRNA.
b. The site of transcription is within the nucleus,
whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
c. Uracil is present in DNA in the place of
thymine.
d. None of the above is true.

Answer 4

b. The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.

Answer on p. 124

Question 5

5. A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except:

a. double-helix shape.
b. obligatory base pairing.
c. ribose sugar.
d. phosphate groups.

Answer 5

c. ribose sugar.

Answer on p. 121

Question 6

6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of RNA?

a. It is single-stranded.
b. It contains uracil, not thymine.
c. The obligatory base pairs are adenine-uracil and
guanine-cytosine.
d. Its molecules are larger than those of DNA.

Answer 6

d. Its molecules are larger than those of DNA.

Answer on p. 122

Question 7

7. Nucleic acids are synthesized directly on the DNA molecule with the help of:

a. enzymes.
b. prophase.
c. neoplasms.
d. lipids.

Answer 7

a. enzymes

Answer on p. 127

Question 8

8. ______ Process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides.

a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair

Answer 8

e. transcription

Answer on p. 123

Question 9

9. ______ The type of RNA that carries information in groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which codes for a specific amino acid

a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair

Answer 9

a. mRNA

Answer on p. 123

Question 10

10. ______ The type of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a base pair–specific amino acid

a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair

Answer 10

c. tRNA

Answers on p. 123

Question 11

11. ______ The process involving the movement of mRNA with respect to the ribosome

a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair

Answer 11

d. translation

Answer on p. 123

Question 12

12. ______ Uracil-adenine

a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair

Answer 12

f. complementary base pairs

Answer on p. 122

Question 13

13. ______ The site of translation

a. mRNA
b. ribosome
c. tRNA
d. translation
e. transcription
f. complementary base pair

Answer 13

b. ribosome

Answer on p. 124

Question 14

19. The correct order of mitosis is:

a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
b. anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase.
c. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase.
d. none of the above.

Answer 14

a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Answer on p. 129

Question 15

20. The total of 46 chromosomes per cell is referred to as:

a. haploid.
b. diploid.
c. myoid.
d. none of the above.

Answer 15

b. diploid.

Answer on p. 131

Question 16

21. A type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells is:

a. mitosis.
b. meiosis.
c. gamete.
d. differentiation.

Answer 16

b. meiosis.

Answer on p. 131

Question 17

22. Splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm into two during cell reproduction is called:

a. mitosis.
b. meiosis.
c. anaphase.
d. cytokinesis.

Answer 17

d. cytokinesis.

Answer on p. 129

Question 18

23. Cell reproduction is sometimes referred to as the:

a. A phase.
b. R phase.
c. M phase.
d. X phase.

Answer 18

c. M phase.

Answer on p. 128

Question 19

Fill in the blanks.
24. The phase of mitosis known as the completion phase is _________________.

Answer 19

24. telophase

Answer on p. 130

Question 20

Fill in the blanks.
25. The phase of mitosis known as the apart phase is _________________.

Answer 20

25. anaphase

Answer on p. 130

Question 21

Fill in the blanks.

26. The position-changing phase of mitosis is _________________.

Answer 21

26. metaphase

Answer on p. 130

Question 22

Fill in the blanks.

27. When a cell is not experiencing mitosis and is “between phases,” it is said to be in _________________.

Answer 22

interphase

Answer on p. 129

Question 23

Fill in the blanks.

28. When a cell begins to divide, it is said to be in the before phase, or _____________.

Answer 23

prophase

Answer on p. 129

Question 24

True or False
29. ______ Atrophy refers to a decrease in cell size.

Answer 24

True

Answer on p. 132

Question 25

True or False | 30. ______ Genetic disorders are mutations in a cell’s genetic code.

Answer 25

True Answer on p. 133

Question 26

True or False | 31. ______ Cell death due to injury or a pathologic condition is known as necrosis.

Answer 26

True Answer on p. 132

Question 27

True or False | 32. ______ Viruses do not contain DNA or RNA.

Answer 27

False Answer on p. 133

Question 28

True or False | 33. ______ A blood disease caused by the production of abnormal hemoglobin is known as sickle cell anemia.

Answer 28

True Answer on p. 133

Question 29

36. The genetic code for a particular protein is passed from DNA to mRNA by a process known as: a. transcription. b. translation. c. interphase. d. genome.

Answer 29

a. transcription Answer on p. 122

Question 30

37. If a strand of DNA has a base sequence of AGGC, the complementary pair for that strand will be: a. TCCG. b. CCTG. c. TTCG. d. TUUG.

Answer 30

a. TCCG Answer on p. 121

Question 31

38. The spindle fibers attach to each chromatid during which stage of mitosis? a. prophase b. anaphase c. telophase d. metaphase

Answer 31

d. metaphase Answer on p. 130

Question 32

39. Which of the following is not true of RNA? a. It is a single strand. b. It contains uracil rather than thymine. c. The base pairs are adenine and uracil and guanine and cytosine. d. It contains deoxyribose sugar.

Answer 32

d. It contains deoxyribose sugar. Answer on p. 122

Question 33

40. During which stage of mitosis does the cleavage furrow begin to develop? a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase

Answer 33

c. anaphase Answer on p. 130

Question 34

41. All of the DNA in each cell of the body is called the: a. tissue typing. b. genome. c. gene. d. genetic code.

Answer 34

b. genome. Answer on p. 126

Question 35

42. If the sequence of bases in a nucleic acid were AUCGA, which of the following statements would be true? a. The nucleic acid would contain deoxyribose. b. It is a strand of DNA. c. It is a strand of RNA. d. It will remain in the nucleus of the cell.

Answer 35

c. It is a strand of RNA. Answer on p. 122

Question 36

43. In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cells along the spindle fibers? a. anaphase b. metaphase c. prophase d. telophase

Answer 36

a. anaphase. Answer on p. 130

Question 37

44. The synthesis of proteins by ribosomes using information coded in the mRNA molecule is called: a. translation. b. transcription. c. replication. d. crenation.

Answer 37

a, translation. Answer on p. 123

Question 38

45. Translation can be inhibited or prevented by a process called: a. cytokinesis. b. cell division. c. RNA interference. d. meiosis.

Answer 38

c. RNA interference Answer on p. 125

Question 39

Fill in the Blanks 51. The DNA molecular structure allows only two combinations of bases to occur. This is known as _____________ ____________ ______________.

Answer 39

obligatory base pairing Answer on p. 121

Question 40

Fill in the Blanks | 52. The complete set of proteins synthesized by a cell is called the _______________ of the cell.

Answer 40

proteome Answer on p. 126

Question 41

Fill in the Blanks | 53. The shape of a DNA molecule is referred to as a ________________ ________________.

Answer 41

double helix Answer on p. 121

Question 42

Fill in the Blanks 54. ________________ is the type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells.

Answer 42

Meiosis Answer on p. 131

Question 43

Fill in the Blanks | 55. Mature sex cells are called ___________________.

Answer 43

gametes Answer on p. 131