A&P Skin

Question 1

List the major structures of the integumentary system

Answer 1

Skin, Hair, Nails, Glands

Question 2

Skin

Answer 2

The outer covering of the body

Question 3

Hair

Answer 3

Filaments that grow from the skin surface

Question 4

Nails

Answer 4

Protects plates on fingers and toes

Question 5

Glands

Answer 5

Organs the secrete substances

Question 6

Describe epidermis

Answer 6

Outer layer of skin
Composed of densely packed epithelial tissue
Made of 4 or 5 layers
Stratified squamous epithelium 5 zones
20-50 layers thick
Rapid cell division occurs in lower layers
Avascular
Cells die a the migrate towards surface

Question 7

90% of epidermal cells produce

Answer 7

Keratin

Question 8

Keratinocytes form

Answer 8

A water proof barrier

Question 9

Keratin cells become what in upper layers

Answer 9

Thin and flat

Question 10

Keratinocytes make cells

Answer 10

Touch scaly and water resistant

Question 11

What determines skin color

Answer 11

Melanocytes
Amount and type of melanin
Determined by genetics
Carotene
Hemoglobin

Question 12

Describe dermis

Answer 12

Gives strength and elasticity
Varies in thickness; palms and souled of feet are thicker

Question 13

Two regions of the dermis

Answer 13

Papillary Layer & Reticular Layer

Question 14

Collagen

Answer 14

A protein that gives toughness and hydration to the skin

Question 15

Elastin

Answer 15

A fibrous glycoprotein that provides elasticity

Question 16

Feature of the Papilary layer

Answer 16

Superficial layer borders epidermis
Projections called dermal papillae hold epidermis & dermis together
Capillary loops nourish epidermis
Pain receptors
Touch receptors
Top 20% of dermis
Consists of loose connective tissue with elastic fibers
Papillae form finger prints

Question 17

Features of the reticular layer of dermis

Answer 17

Blood vessels
Sweat & oil glands
Deep pressure receptors
Prevent bacteria from penetrating more deeply into the body
Bottom 80% of dermis
Consists of loose connective tissue with elastic and collagen fibers
Contains hair follicles

Question 18

What is elastin

Answer 18

A fibrous glycoprotein that provides elasticity

Question 19

Function of the hypodermis

Answer 19

Directly below dermis
Anchors skin to underlying muscles and connective tissue

Question 20

Adipose tissue stores

Answer 20

Fat

Question 21

Fact acts as

Answer 21

An energy store, insulating layer, shock absorber

Question 22

Major accessory organs of the skin

Answer 22

Sudoriferous
Sebaceous glands
Hair & hair follicles
Nails

Question 23

Sudoriferous glands

Answer 23

Sweat glands
Eccrine and apocrine
Sweat reduces body temperature

Question 24

Eccrine

Answer 24

Is the most common and widely distributed Sudoriferous gland in the skin

Question 25

Function of sebaceous glands

Answer 25

Produces oil called sebum Ducts that empty into hair follicles Glands are active at puberty

Question 26

Hair

Answer 26

Grows from the root in the hair follicle Consists of tightly pack keratinocytes Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color Protects skin from UV rays Protection Sensory perception

Question 27

Nails

Answer 27

Sheets of harden keratinocytes Reinforce and protects distal ends of fingers and toes Helps grasp pinch climb

Question 28

5 basic skin functions

Answer 28

Protection Temp control Excretion Vitamin D production Detection of stimuli

Question 29

How does skin help control body temperature

Answer 29

Higher body temp, Activating sweat glands Increase blood flow in capillary beds Lower body temp, reduce blood flow in capillary beds

Question 30

Arrector pill muscles

Answer 30

Muscle found in dermis When cold contract to make hair stand up Creates Goode bumps

Question 31

Composition of sweat

Answer 31

Mostly water Salten Vitamin C Metabolic waste

Question 32

1st degree burns

Answer 32

Only epidermis is damaged Skin is red and swollen

Question 33

2nd degree burns

Answer 33

Epidermis and upper dermis is damaged Skin is red w blisters

Question 34

3rd degree burns

Answer 34

Destroys entire skin layer Burn is grey-white or black

Question 35

Ful of Nines

Answer 35

To examine the extent of burns 11 areas for quick examination Areas represent 9%

Question 36

Basal Cell carcinoma

Answer 36

Least malignat Most common Arise from cells in stratum básale

Question 37

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 37

Second most common Metastasize to lymph nodes Early removal good change of cure

Question 38

Malignant melanoma

Answer 38

Most deadly Cancer of melanocytes Metastasizes rapidly giving lymph and blood vessels