A02 biological therapies for schizophrenia

Question 1

What are the 6 sections

Answer 1

Effectiveness of conventions anti psychotic drugs
Appropriateness
Effectiveness of atypical
Appropriateness
Effectiveness of ect
Appropriateness

Question 2

What are the 2 section some effectiveness of conventional anti psychotics

Answer 2

Relapse rate

Other factors are important

Question 3

Who tested relapse rate for effectiveness of conventional anti psychotics

Answer 3

Davis et al

Question 4

What did Davis et al do and find

Answer 4

A significant difference in relapse rate between treatment with a placebo drug and a convention anti psychotic drug

Question 5

Conclusion for relapse rate

Answer 5

Evidence shows that this type of medication is a useful therapy for schizo

Question 6

Who tested other factors as being important in effectiveness of conventional

Answer 6

Davis et al

Question 7

What did Davis et al fibd for other factors as being important in effectiveness of conventional

Answer 7

Difference ib terms of relapse rates between placebo and conventional drugs only evident in schizos living in homes with hostility and criticism (50% relapse rate with conventional, 92% with placebo)
In normal homes there’s no difference 12 & 15% relapse rates

Question 8

Conclusion of other factors are important

Answer 8

Evidence shows that due to difference when in different environment other factors are important in term so effectiveness of conventional anti psychotics so although anti psychotics may be used as a the road, they aren’t the only contributory factor for schizo therapy

Question 9

What are the sections for the appropriateness of conventional anti psychotics

Answer 9

Tardive dyskinesia

Motivational deficits

Question 10

Who studied tardive dyskinesia

Answer 10

Hill

Question 11

What did hill find

Answer 11

About 30% of people taking conventional develop tardive dyskinesia which is irreversible in 75% of cases

Question 12

Conclusion from hills study and tardive dyskinesia in terms of appropriateness of conventional

Answer 12

Conventional drugs lead to side effects so are they appropriate for treating schizo? No

Question 13

Who evaluated motivational deficits

Answer 13

Ross and read

Question 14

What did ross and read argue

Answer 14

That being prescribed medication reinforces the view that ‘there is something wrong with you’
This prevents indvs from thinking about possible stressors

Question 15

Conclusion for motivational deficits in terms of appropriateness of conventional

Answer 15

Due to them not thinking about possible stressors, there motivation to look for solutions that alleviate the stressors and decrease their suffering decreases
Suggests conventional may not be appropriate for schizo therapy

Question 16

What are the 2 sections for the effectiveness of atypical

Answer 16

Atypical vs conventional anti psychotics

Effectiveness with negative symptoms

Question 17

Who tested atypical vs conventional anti psychotics

Answer 17

Leucht et al

Question 18

What did leucht et al do and find

Answer 18

Meta analysis of studies comparing effectiveness of a typical and conventional drugs
Found 2 atypical drugs slightly more effective
2 other atypical drugs no more effective than conventional

Question 19

Conclusion for atypical vs conventional drugs in terms of effectiveness of atypical

Answer 19

Atypical drug effectiveness only slightly better but no major difference
Still means they’re useful therapies for schizo

Question 20

Who tested effectiveness with negative symptoms in terms of effectiveness of atypical

Answer 20

Leucht et al

Question 21

What did leucht et al do for effectiveness of negative symptoms

Answer 21

Found 2 atypical drugs to be slightly more effective with negative symptoms than conventional
But found 2 others, one as effective, one slight worse than conventional for effectiveness with negative symptoms

Question 22

Conclusion for effectiveness with negative symptoms in terms of effectiveness of atypical

Answer 22

Not much evidence to show it’s effective with negative symptoms
Some studies even suggest conventional os slightly better but overall still can be used as a the road but can’t support idea that it is useful to combat negative symptoms

Question 23

What are the 2 sections for the appropriateness of atypical

Answer 23

Lower likelihood of tardive dyskinesia

Fewer side effects

Question 24

Who tested the lower likelihood of tardive dyskinesia

Answer 24

Jeste et al

Question 25

What did jeste do and find

Answer 25

TD rates 30% in patients using conventional

But only 5% in patients using atypical

Question 26

Conclusion if lower likelihood of TD in terms of appropriateness of atypical

Answer 26

Evidence supports claim atypical has lower levels of side effects eg TD
Therefore it’s more appropriate to use for schizo therapy

Question 27

Explain and shit about the fewer side effects part of appropriateness of atypical

Answer 27

Atypical shown to have lower leveks and fewer side effects
This means they could be argued to be a more appropriate treatment for schizo
They also mean it’s less likely for schizos to stop using the medication due to fewer side effects compared to conventional anti psychotics

Question 28

What does research show in terms of effectiveness of ect from an American psychiatric association review when comparing ect and simulated ect effectiveness

Answer 28

Ect produced results that were no different or worse than anti psychotic drugs

Question 29

Who studied effectiveness of ect other than that American thing

Answer 29

Sarita et al

Question 30

What did sarita et al do and find in terms of effectiveness of ect

Answer 30

No difference in terms of symptom reduction in patients given either ect or simulated ect

Question 31

Conclusion for effectiveness of ect

Answer 31

Not very effective compared to anti psychotic drugs

Question 32

Conclusion for appropriateness of ect

Answer 32

Due to fact ect can be very harmful due to side effects and can even lead to death which very unlikely when using anti psychotic drugs it’s more appropriate to use anti psychotic drugs as a treatment for schizo

Question 33

What is reads study relevant to in terms of appropriateness of ect

Answer 33

Found that ect is being used very rarely

Decline of its use from 1979 to 1999 dropped increased by 59%