A02 classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia

Question 1

Evaluation for or against inter rate reliability?

Answer 1

Against

Question 2

Who evaluated inter rate reliability

Answer 2

Whaley

Question 3

What did Whaley find

Answer 3

Found inter rater reliability correlations using DSM-III as low as +.11

Question 4

Overall conclusion of inter rater reliability evaluation

Answer 4

Not enough evidence to prove that the DSM-III classification system is reliable
Some evidence goes against this notion

Question 5

What are the four evaluation section in reliability

Answer 5

Inter rater reliability
Unreliable symptoms
Test retest reliability
Comparing DSM-III and ICD

Question 6

Who evaluated unreliable symptoms

Answer 6

Nicholson and mojtabi

Question 7

What did Nicholson and mojtabi do/find

Answer 7

Asked psychiatrists in usa to differentiate between bizarre and non bizarre delusions
The psychiatrist had an inter rate reliability of only +.40

Question 8

Conclusion of unreliable symptoms

Answer 8

The central diagnostic requirement lacks sufficient reliability for it to be a reliable method of diagnosing schizo

Question 9

Who evaluated test retest reliability

Answer 9

Prescott et al

Question 10

What did Prescott et al do and find

Answer 10

Analysed test retest reliability of measure of attention and info processing in 14 schizophrenics
Performance if these measure was stable over a 6 month period

Question 11

Conclusion of test retest reliability

Answer 11

Support view that measure used to diagnose schizo are high in test retest reliability and reliability reliability in general

Question 12

Who compared dsm and ICD

Answer 12

Cheniaux et al

Question 13

What did cheniaux do and find

Answer 13

Compared the inter rate reliability of dsm 4 and ICD 10

Schizo more frequently diagnosed according to ICD than dsm 4

Question 14

Conclusion of comparing dsm with icd

Answer 14

Diagnosis of schizo lacks inter rater reliability and reliability in general if 2 different classification systems are used

Question 15

What arw the 4 sections of validity

Answer 15

Comorbidity and medical complications
Comorbidity and suicide risk
Eric it may lead to misdiagnosis
Symptoms

Question 16

Who evaluated comorbidity and medical complications

Answer 16

Weber et al

Question 17

What did weber et al do and find

Answer 17

Examined hospital discharge records to calculate comorbidity rate
Found 45% of comorbidity linked to psychiatric and behaviour related diagnoses
This affects their prognosis

Question 18

Conclusion of comorbidity and medical complications

Answer 18

Supports view that validity is decreased due to comorbidity which creates difficulties in the diagnosis of schizo
Poor levels of functioning in schizos may be less to do with their psychiatric disorder and more to do with their untreated comorbidity physical disorders

Question 19

Who evaluated comorbidity and suicide risk

Answer 19

Kessler et al

Question 20

What did kessler do and find

Answer 20

Rate of attempted suicide rose from 1% in indvs with schizo alone to 40% in schizos with comorbidity

Question 21

Conclusion of comorbidity and suicide risk

Answer 21

Indvs with schizo have a high risk of suicide if they have a comorbid disorder
This affects prognosis
Which also affects validity cz it might not be diagnosing what it is wanting to measure, could be due to comorbidity

Question 22

Who evaluated that ethnicity may lead to misdiagnosis

Answer 22

Harrison et al

Question 23

What did Harrison et al do and find5

Answer 23

Rate of schizophrenia higher in afro Caribbean groups than for white groups

Question 24

Conclusion of ethnicity may lead to misdiagnosis

Answer 24

Findings support view that it has low validity
This is because the indvs may have been misdiagnosed due to cultural differences in language and mannerisms and difficulty relating between black patients and white clinicians

Question 25

Who evaluated symptoms

Answer 25

Ross and ellason

Question 26

What did ross and ellason find

Answer 26

People with dissociative identity disorder or did have more schizo symptoms than people diagnosed with schizo

Question 27

Conclusion of symptoms

Answer 27

Some of the symptoms lead to invalid diagnoses cz they’re found in many other disorder
So identification of symptoms of schizo would help