a2

Question 0

paravertrebal ganglia

Answer 0

chain of ganglia connected with nerve trunks along the spinal cord that contains sympathetic postganglionic neurones

Question 1

pracrine communication

Answer 1

communication in which the signal reaches the target cell through the interstitial space

Question 2

peptide

Answer 2

short protein molecule

Question 3

peptide bond

Answer 3

covalent bond created by condensation of the amino and carboxyl group of two amino acids

Question 4

peripheral protein

Answer 4

protein associated to the external or internal surface of the cell membrane

Question 5

permeability

Answer 5

ability of a compound to cross a membrane; it depends on the characteristics of the compound and of the membrane

Question 6

phagocyte

Answer 6

a cell that engulfs other cells, microorganisms or other foreign particles

Question 7

phagocytosis, pynocytosis

Answer 7

forms of endocytosis to take up solid particles or fluid into the cell

Question 8

phosphoglyceride

Answer 8

ubiquitous phosphorous containing lipid; its structure is similar to that of the triglycerides, but one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous compound

Question 9

phospholipid

Answer 9

phosphorus-containing lipid

Question 10

phosphorylation

Answer 10

incorporation of a phosphate group into an organic molecule

Question 11

plateau

Answer 11

characteristic period in the action potential of the heart muscle cell, during which membrane potential is relatively constant

Question 12

pneumothorax

Answer 12

collapse of the lung due to a puncture that penetrates the pleural cavity

Question 13

Poiselle’s law

Answer 13

equation describing the laminar flow of fluids in rigid tubes as the function of pressure difference, tube diameter and length and viscosity

Question 14

polar

Answer 14

see hyperbolic

Question 15

polypnea

Answer 15

rapid breathing

Question 16

polysaccharides

Answer 16

macromolecules built up by simple sugar molecules

Question 17

postganglionic neuron

Answer 17

autonomic neuron located in a peripheral ganglion that receives input from preganglionic neurons and synapses onto target organs

Question 18

posttetanic potentiation

Answer 18

increased efficacy of synaptic transmission following presynaptic stimulation at a high frequency

Question 19

precapillary sphincter

Answer 19

muscular ring at the origin of capillaries regulating blood flow in capillary

Question 20

preganglionic neuron

Answer 20

autonomic neuron located in the CNV that sends an axon into the periphery and synapses onto postganglionic cells

Question 21

pressor area

Answer 21

area in the dorsolateral reticular formation of the medulla; its excitation increase heart rate, constrict vessels, thus increasing blood pressure through sympathetic fibres

Question 22

primary structure of proteins

Answer 22

sequence of amino acids building up the protein

Question 23

projection neuron

Answer 23

nerve cell with a long axon running to remote targets

Question 24

protein kinase

Answer 24

enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a protein

Question 25

pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 25

nerve cell with one process that branches near to the cell body forming two equivalent neurits

Question 26

pulse volume

Answer 26

volume of blood pumped by the heart into the circulation during one systole

Question 27

purines

Answer 27

compounds based on a two ring structure containing five C and four N atoms; uracil, thymidine, and cytosine. bases in nucleic acids are pyrimidine compounds

Question 28

quantal release

Answer 28

transmitter substances are released in small packages from the synaptic terminal

Question 29

quarternary structure of proteins

Answer 29

spatial arrangement of peptide chains and non peptide components of a protein

Question 30

refractory period

Answer 30

period during Nd immediately after an action potential in which the membrane cannot be excited or has an elevated threshold

Question 31

repolarization

Answer 31

return of a membrane that has been depolarized to its resting membrane potential

Question 32

residual volume

Answer 32

volume of air left in the lungs after maximum expiratory effort

Question 33

respiratory cardiac arrhythmia

Answer 33

changes in the sinus rhythm caused by breathing

Question 34

saltatory conduction

Answer 34

fast conduction of action potentials on myelinated axons; action potentials are only regenerated, thus delayed at nodes of Ranvier, while they pass through internodes by electronic conduction with minimal delay( action potentials are jumping from node to node)

Question 35

sarcolemma

Answer 35

membrane of the muscle fiber

Question 36

sarcomere

Answer 36

are between two zlines in the myofibril

Question 37

sarcoplasm

Answer 37

cytoplasm of the muscle fiber