A3: Immunodeficiencies Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the difference between primary immuno and secondary immuno
Primary are genetic defects in immune system
Secondary was injtially intact but other environmental or infective factors compromised
Are pid germline or somatic
Both but most lilely hereditary so germline
Give some causes of SID
Meds wg chemo Infections like hiv Barrier defects Malnutrition Splenectomy (removal)
How would splenectomy cause sid
Because it is a secokdary lymph tissue where adaptive response occurs
How can premature births cause sid
Botn before the igg maternal transfer
Give an example of breaxh of barriers
Eczema
Are immune deficinecies always loss of the immjne response
No can become hupersctive eg autoimmune responses, hyper allergenic
Give some consequences of immunodeficiencies
Recurrent infection Hypoallergenic (no immune tolerance) Auto inflammation Autoimmunity eg type 1 Cancer
How can metastasis occur through immunodeficiency
Because lack or tumour surveillance if lacking immune system
What are the signs of immunodeficiencies in patiwnts
Recurring infection, persistent after treatment, serious eg meningitis, unusual infection, fwmily history, incestual marriage
What is an example of an unusual pathogen
Pneumocystis jurovecii
What type of immune factors are affected in immunodeficiency
Phagocutes,complement, t cell, b frll, antibodies, combined B and T
What PID which affects neutrophils is there
Chronic granulomatous disease eg x linked
How does cgd affect neutropjils via genetic defect
Inability to produce ROS to enduce phsgocytic killing
What effects does cgd have
Infection susceptibilitybeg pneumonia
Also inflammation eg in lung, colitis
What SID fsctors affect neutrophils
Neutropenia from large infection
Meds
Malnutrition eg b12, folate
Hypersplenism
How does hypersplenism affect neutrophils
Drains blood too fast and large amlunts wnter spleen causinf neutropenia
Why is humonal immunitt defects bad in mucosa
Because larhe amounts of eg iga loss so mucosal infections like pneumonia occur
Which immunodeficiency can cause sepsis, meningitis by increased entry of pathogens
Humoral
What is the larhest PID affecting humoral immunity and what is it
X linked a gammaglobulinaemia
Low/absent ig and b cells but notmal t cells
Why is x linked a gammaglobulinaemia developed after 6 months of age
Because you get maternal transfer from mother igg
What are the 3 main reasons for SID humoral defects / hypogammaglobulinaemia/low iga/low b
Meds
Loss of proteins eg nephrotic syndrome
Malnutrition
What autoimmune disorders due to complement deficiency
SLE
Which infections are due ti lack of C3
Pneumococcal and h infleunza
