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ANATOMY SEM 3 > A8 - gait/lower limb 2 (leg and foot muscles) > Flashcards

A8 - gait/lower limb 2 (leg and foot muscles) Flashcards

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1
Q

name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
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2
Q

what are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg innervated by?

A

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (L4-S1)

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3
Q

what is the blood supply of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

anterior tibial artery

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4
Q

O, I and action of tibialis anterior

A

O = lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I = medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
action = extends and inverts foot

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5
Q

O, I and action of extensor digitorum longus

A

O = anterior shaft of fibula
I = extensor expansion of lateral 4 toes
action = extends toes and foot at ankle joint

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6
Q

where can the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus be palpated?

A

on the dorsal surface of the foot

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7
Q

where does extensor digitorum longus lie in relation to tibialis anterior?

A

lateral and deep

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8
Q

where is extensor hallicus longus in relation to extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anteiror?

A

deep

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9
Q

O, I and action of extensor hallucis longus

A

O = anterior surface of shaft of fibula
I = base of distal phalanx of great toe
action = extends big toe and foot at ankle joint, inverts foot

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10
Q

describe fibularis tertius

A
  • arises from the most inferior part of the EDL
  • not present in all individuals and is considered by some texts as a part of the extensor digitorum longus
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11
Q

O, I and action of fibularis tertius

A

O = inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I = dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
action = eversion and dorsiflexion of foot

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

what are the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
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14
Q

what innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

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15
Q

what is the tibial nerve the terminal branch of?

A

sciatic nerve

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16
Q

where do all the muscles in the superficial posterior leg insert?

A

calcaneal tendon

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17
Q

which muscle is the most superficial in the posterior leg?

A

gastrocnemius

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18
Q

origin of gastrocnemius

A

medial and lateral femoral condyles (it has 2 heads which converge to form a single muscle belly)

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19
Q

soleus origin

A

soleal line of tibia, head and shaft of fibula

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20
Q

origin of plantaris

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

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21
Q

action of gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

A

plantar flexion of foot

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22
Q

how is friction minimised during movement of the calcaneal tendon?

A

2 bursae = fluid filled sacs

  1. subcutaneous calcaneal bursa — lies between the skin and calcaneal tendon
  2. deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon — lies between the tendon and the calcaneus
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23
Q

the calcaneal reflex tests what spinal roots?

A

S1-S2

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24
Q

what muscles are in the deep compartment of the posterior leg?

A
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
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25
O, I and action of flexor hallicus longus
O = posterior surface of fibular shaft I = base of distal phalanx of big toe action = flexes big toe and plantar flexes the foot
26
O, I and action of tibialis posterior
O = posterior surface of tibial and fibula shafts and interosseous membrane I = tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and base of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals action = plantar flexes and inverts the foot
27
O, I and action of flexor digitorum longus
O = posterior surface of fibula shaft I = base of distal phalanx of lateral 4 toes action = flexes the toes and assists in plantar flexing the foot
28
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30
what are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
peroneus (fibularis) longus and brevis
31
what are the lateral leg muscles innervated by?
superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
32
what are the actions of the lateral leg muscles?
eversion and weak plantar flexion
33
O and I of peroneus (fibularis) longus
O : head and superior 2/3 of lateral shaft of fibula I : base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
34
O and I of peroneus (fibularis) brevis
O : inferior 2/3 of lateral shaft of fibula I : tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsal
35
what are the intrinsic dorsal foot muscles?
- extensor digitorum brevis - extensor hallucis brevis
36
what innervates the intrinsic dorsal foot muscles?
deep fibular nerve
37
what dos extensor digitorum brevis lie deep to?
the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus
38
O, I and actions of extensor digitorum brevis
O = calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum I = proximal phalanx of the great toe and the long extensor tendons of toes 2-4 actions = aids the EDL in extending the medial 4 toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
39
O, I and actions of extensor hallucis brevis
O : calcaneus, the interosseuous talocalcaneal ligament and the inferior extensor retinaculum I : base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe actions: aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
40
how many layers does the plantar foot have?
4
41
what muscles are in the 1st (most superficial) plantar layer?
- abductor hallucis - abductor digiti minimi - flexor digitorum brevis
42
actions and innervation of abductor hallucis
actions : abducts and flexes the great toe innervation : medial plantar nerve
43
actions and innervation of flexor digitorum brevis
actions : flexes the lateral 4 digits at the proximal interphalangeal joints innervation : medial plantar nerve
44
what muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge?
abductor hallucis
45
what lies lateral to the abductor hallucis?
flexor digitorum brevis
46
the flexor digitorum brevis sits in the ____ of the sole, sandwiched between the ______ and the tendons of _______
- centre - between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus
47
actions and innervation of abductor digiti minimi
actions : abducts and flexes the 5th digit innervation: lateral plantar nerve
48
49
what tendons pass through the 2nd plantar layer?
tendons of flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic foot muscle)
50
what muscles are in the 2nd layer of the plantar foot?
- quadratus plantae - lumbricals
51
what muscle lies superior to the flexor digitorum longus tendons in the plantar foot?
quadratus plantae
52
what is quadratus plantae separated from the 1st layer by?
lateral plantar vessels and nerve
53
actions and innervation of quadratus plantae
actions : assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral 4 digits innervation : lateral plantar nerve
54
what are the lumbricals located medial to?
their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus
55
actions and innervation of lumbricals
actions: flexes at the metatarsophalangeal joints, while extending the interphalangeal joints innervation: most medial by medial plantar and remaining 3 by lateral plantar
56
57
what muscles are in the 3rd plantar layer?
- flexor hallucis brevis - adductor hallucis - flexor digiti minimi brevis
58
actions and innervation of flexor hallucis brevis
- on medial side of foot actions : flexes the proximal phalanx of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint innervation : medial plantar nerve
59
what lies lateral to flexor hallucis brevis?
adductor hallucis
60
actions and innervation of adductor hallucis
- consists of an oblique and transverse head actions : adduct the great toe. assists in forming the transverse arch of the foot innervation : deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
61
actions and innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis
- lateral side of foot underneath the metatarsal of the little toe actions : flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit innervation : superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
62
63
what is the 4th layer made up of?
plantar and dorsal interossei
64
how many plantar interossei are there? where are they located and what do they arise from?
- there are 3 - located between the metatarsals - each arises from a single metatarsal
65
actions and innervation of plantar interossei
actions : adducts digits 3-5 and flex the metatarsophalangeal joints innervation : lateral plantar nerve
66
how many dorsal interossei are there? where are they located and what do they arise from?
- there are 4 - located between metatarsals - each arises from 2 metatarsals
67
actions and innervation of dorsal interossei
actions : abducts digits 2-4 and flex the metatarsophalangeal joints innervation : lateral plantar nerve
68
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70
71
what does the sural nerve accompany?
lesser saphenous vein
72
what does the saphenous nerve accompany?
greater saphenous vein
73
the saphenous nerve is the terminal branch of what?
femoral nerve
74
when does the femoral nerve become the saphenous nerve?
when it passes through the adductor canal
75
how is the sural nerve formed?
formed by the union of the terminal branches of the tibial and common fibular nerves (from sciatic)
76
what does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve pass over?
inguinal ligament
77
what 2 muscles pump veins?
soleus and gastrocnemius
78
which is the most important layer of the foot and why?
2nd — contains neurovascular bundle
79
mneumonic for what goes behind the posterior malleolus
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry - tibialis posterior - flexor digitorum longus - artery (posterior tibial) - vein (posterior tibial) - nerve (tibial) - flexor hallicus longus

ANATOMY SEM 3 (22 decks)

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