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ANATOMY SEM 3 > brainstem and cranial nerve nuclei > Flashcards

brainstem and cranial nerve nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the brainstem?

A

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

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2
Q

what is the midbrain continuous with rostrally?

A

diencephalon of the forebrain

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3
Q

the brainstem contains a complex and heterogenous matrix of neurons known as the ______, within which a number of individually identified nuclei exist

A

reticular formation

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4
Q

functions of the reticular formation

A

has several functions, including control over the level of consciousness, the perception of pain and regulation of the CV and resp systems

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5
Q

at what level is the 4th ventricle widest?

A

at the level of the pontomedullary junction

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6
Q

what provides passage for CSF within the 4th ventricle to reach the sub ach out space surrounding the brain?

A

foramen of Luschka

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7
Q

superior vs inferior colliculus

A

superior — visual system

inferior — auditory system

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8
Q

where does the trochlear nerve emerge?

A

immediately caudal to the inferior colliculus

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9
Q

what make up the lateral walls of the rostral part of the 4th ventricle and connect the brainstem with the cerebellum?

A

superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles

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10
Q

what separates the 2 crura cerebri?

A

interpeduncular fossa

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11
Q

what is the crus cerebri continuous rostrally with?

A

the internal capsule of the cerebral hemisphere

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12
Q

what do the crus cerebri contain?

A
  • descending fibres
  • contain the corticobulbar and corticospinal fibres that have left the cerebrum via the internal capsule
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13
Q

what are the pyramids of the medulla either side of?

A

the ventral median fissure

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14
Q

describe the pyramids

A
  • pyramids overlie the pyramidal or corticospinal tract
  • consists of descending fibres originating from the ipsilateral cerebral cortex
  • 75-90% of these fibres cross over at the decussation of the pyramids — form lateral corticospinal tract of the spinal cord
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15
Q

what does the inferior olivary nucleus lie within and what does it have connections with?

A

lies within the olive of the medulla — has connections with the cerebellum primarily and is involved in the control of movement

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16
Q

the ________ runs through the rostral medulla, the pons and the midbrain, to terminate upon 3rd order neurons in the _______ of the thalamus

A
  • medial lemniscus
  • VP nucleus of the thalamus
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17
Q

what do the motor nuclei contain?

A

nerve cell bodies of LMNs

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18
Q

what happens in the sensory nuclei?

A

1st order neurons synapse with 2nd order neurons

19
Q

list the sensory modalities

A

GSA - general somatic afferent
SSA - special somatic afferent
GVA - general visceral afferent
SVA - special visceral afferent

20
Q

list the motor modalities

A

GSE - general somatic efferent
SVE - special visceral efferent
GVE - general visceral efferent

21
Q

what is the only nucleus to fall into the GSA category?

A

trigeminal sensory nucleus

22
Q

what is the trigeminal nucelus divided into and what do they carry?

A
  • mesencephalic - proprioception
  • chief - touch and pressure
  • spinal - pain and temperature
23
Q

associating nerves of the trigeminal nucleus (GSA)

A
  • V
  • VII
  • IX
  • X
24
Q

what does SSA originate from?

A

ectoderm

25
Q

what are the functions of SSA?

A

hearing, balance

26
Q

name the nuclei in the SSA category

A
  • vestibular and cochlear nucleus
27
Q

name the nucleus in the SVA category and the functions of SVA

A

= taste and smell
- nucleus solitaries

28
Q

associated nerves of nucleus solitaires (SVA)

A
  • VII
  • IX
  • X
29
Q

what nucleus is in the GVA category and function of GVA?

A

= viscera. PS fibres. (fibres from viscera, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors terminate here)

  • nucleus solitaries
30
Q

associated nerves of the nucleus solitaries (GVA)

A
  • IX
  • X
31
Q

function of GSE

A

skeletal muscles voluntary innervation (contains NCBs of LMNs which supply skeletal muscle)

32
Q

associated nerves of GSE

A
  • oculomotor
  • trochlear
  • abducens
  • hypoglossal
33
Q

SVE function

A

contain NCBs of motor neurons supplying skeletal muscle derived from pharyngeal arches

— muscles of pharynx, larynx, mastication, facial expression

34
Q

what nuclei are in the SVE category?

A
  • trigeminal motor nucleus
  • facial motor nucleus
  • nucleus ambiguous
35
Q

what does the nucleus ambiguous supply fibres to?

A

IX and X

36
Q

associated nerves of SVE

A
  • V
  • VII
  • IX
  • X
37
Q

what do GVE nuclei contain?

A

NCBs of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

38
Q

what nuclei are in the GVE category?

A
  • Edinger-Westphal
  • superior and inferior salivatory
  • dorsal motor nuclei of vagus
39
Q

preganglionic fibres from the EW nucleus synapse in the ______ and post ganglionic fibres innervate the______

A
  • ciliary ganglion
  • sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
40
Q

what nerve is the EW nucleus assoicated with?

A

oculomotor

41
Q

what nerve is the superior salivatory nucleus associated with?

A

CN VII

42
Q

fibres from the inferior salivatory ganglion pass within what nerve? where do their postganglionic fibres project?

A
  • glossopharyngeal
  • project to parotid gland
43
Q

the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus contains fibres of the vagus nerve that supply what?

A

viscera off the abdomen and thorax (PS)

44
Q

what modality contains parasympathetic fibres?

A

GVE

ANATOMY SEM 3 (22 decks)

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