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Human Body (Anatomy) > Abdomen 05: GI Tract Innervation and Blood Supply > Flashcards

Abdomen 05: GI Tract Innervation and Blood Supply Flashcards

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1
Q

What structures compose the foregut?

A

Esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, half of the duodenum

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2
Q

Nerves that go to the foregut leave the CNS where?

A

T5-T9

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3
Q

What nerve goes to the foregut and leaves from the sympathetic trunk?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

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4
Q

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve synapse in the foregut?

A

Celiac plexus

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5
Q

What structures compose the midgut?

A

Half of the duodenum, small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 of the transverse colon

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6
Q

Nerves that go to the midgut leave the CNS where?

A

T9-T12

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7
Q

What nerve goes to the midgut and leaves from the sympathetic trunk?

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve

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8
Q

Where do the nerves of the midgut synapse?

A

Superior mesenteric plexus

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9
Q

Nerves that go to the ascending colon leave the CNS where?

A

T10/T11

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10
Q

Nerves that go to the midgut part of the transverse colon leave the CNS where?

A

T11/T12

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11
Q

What arteries supply the ascending colon?

A

Right colic artery and ileocolic artery

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12
Q

What arteries supply the midgut transverse colon?

A

Middle colic artery from the superior mesenteric artery

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13
Q

Nerves that go to the hindgut leave the CNS where?

A

L1/L2

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14
Q

What is the nerve that goes from the sympathetic trunk to the hindgut?

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerve

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15
Q

Where do nerves to the hindgut synapse?

A

Inferior mesenteric plexus

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16
Q

What structures constitute the hindgut?

A

1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, anal canal

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17
Q

What arteries supply the hindgut part of the transverse colon?

A

Left colic artery and marginal artery of Drummond from the inferior mesenteric artery

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18
Q

What arteries supply the descending colon?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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19
Q

What arteries supply the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid artery

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20
Q

What is the basic pattern of visceral innervation of the foregut?

A

Ventral root -> anterior ramus -> white ramus communicans -> sympathetic trunk (does NOT synapse at paravertebral ganglion) -> greater splanchnic nerve -> Celiac plexus

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21
Q

Least splanchnic nerve

A

A nerve that comes off of T12-L2 and goes mostly to the kidneys and other suprarenal structures

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22
Q

Where do greater, lesser, and least splachnic nerves arise?

A

They all arise in the thorax and pierce the diaphragm

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23
Q

Where does the lumbar splanchnic arise?

A

It arises in the abdominal cavity and goes to the hindgut

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24
Q

What is the pathway of parasympathetic nerves to the hindgut?

A

They leave the CNS on S2, S3, S4

Ventral root -> spinal nerve -> ventral ramus -> pelvic splanchnic -> hypogastric plexus

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25
Celiac plexus
A neural plexus of the foregut located at the base of the celiac trunk
26
Superior mesenteric and aorticorenal plexus
A plexus located on top of the superior mesenteric artery
27
Inferior mesenteric plexus
A plexus located on top of the inferior mesenteric artery
28
Where is the referred pain of the foregut?
Epigastric region
29
Where is the referred pain of the midgut?
Umbillicus region
30
Where is the referred pain of the hindgut?
Pubic region
31
What is the nerve supply of the stomach?
P: Vagus S: Greater splanchnic
32
What is the spinal cord sympathetic origin and sensory afferent destination of the stomach?
T5-T7
33
What is the referred pain region of the stomach?
Epigastric and left hypochondric regions
34
What is the nerve supply of the foregut?
P: Vagus S: Greater splanchnic
35
What is the spinal cord sympathetic origin and sensory afferent destination of the foregut?
T7-T9
36
What is the referred pain region of the duodenum?
Epigastric region and right shoulder
37
What is the referred pain region of the pancreatic head
Inferior epigastric region
38
What is the referred pain region of the spleen?
Left hypochondric region
39
What is the referred pain region of the gallbladder and the liver?
Epigastric and right hypochondric regions; also right shoulder and posterior thoracic walls
40
What is the nerve supply of the small intestine
P: Vagus S: Lesser splanchnic
41
What is the spinal cord sympathetic origin and sensory afferent destination of the small intestine?
T9-T12
42
What is the referred pain region of the small intestine?
Umbillicus
43
What is the nerve supply of the colon?
P: Vagus up to 2/3 of the transverse colon, and then the pelvic splanchnics
44
What is the spinal cord sympathetic origin and sensory afferent destination of the colon?
T9-T12 up to 2/3 of the transverse colon, and then L1-L2
45
What is the referred pain region of the colon?
Pubic region; left groin for sigmoid colon
46
What is the nerve supply of the kidney and ureters?
P: Vagus S: Least splanchnics
47
What is the spinal cord sympathetic origin and sensory afferent destination of the kidneys are ureters?
T12-L2
48
What is the referred pain region of the kidneys and ureters?
Small of back, both flanks, both groinds, genitals
49
McBurney's Point
A point 2/3 the distance from umbilicus to ASIS; where somatic pain of appendicities is felt
50
What are the four midline arteries of the abdomen?
Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, median sarcal
51
What are the four paired arteries of the abdomen?
Inferior phrenics, middle suprarenals, renals, gonadals
52
What are the four paired lumbar arteries of the abdomen?
They do not have names. They are just lumbar arteries
53
What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?
Left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery
54
What are the main branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
Inferior pancreatoduodenal, middle colic, right colic, ileocolic, jejunal, ileal
55
What are the important branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal
56
Where do the inferior phrenic arteries branch off of the aorta?
As soon as the aorta pierces the diaphragm
57
What is the asymmetric relationship between the two renal arteries?
The right one is slightly lower, while the left one is at the transpyloric plane
58
What are the venous systems that drain the abdomen
Hepatic portal, caval, systemtic
59
Hepatic portal system
A venous system that drains blood through the liver to the ICV
60
Caval system
A venous system that drains blood to the IVC without going through the liver
61
Systemic venous system
A venous system that drains blood from the body walls of the abdomen to the azygous veins
62
What are the five main portal-systemic/caval anastamoses
Para-umbilical, anorectal, retroperitoneal, gastro-esophageal, hepatic
63
What are the two main anastomoses of the celiac trunk?
1) Right gastric and left gastric arteries | 2) Right gastro-omental and left gastro-omental arteries
64
What are the two main anastomoses between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery?
1) Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenalarteries | 2) Arc of Buhler
65
What are the two main anastomoses between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries?
1) Marginal artery of Drummond | 2) Arc of Riolan
66
What structure does the superior mesenteric artery arch over as it leaves the aorta?
The left renal vein
67
Which kidney is higher?
Left kidney
68
From superior, what are the arteries that supply the ureters?
Renal arteries, gonadal arteries, common iliac artery, internal illiac artery
69
What arteries supply the adrenal glands?
1) Superior suprarenal arteries through inferior phrenics 2) Middle suprarenal arteries through the aorta 3) Inferior suprarenal arteries through the renal arteries
70
What nerve innervates the cremaster muscle?
The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

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