Pelvis 04: Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What is the pathway of sperm?

Answer 1

Testes (Seminiferous tubules -> straight tubules -> rete testis -> efferent ductules) -> Epididymis (head -> body -> tail) -> Deferent duct -> ampulla of deferent duct -> ejaculatory duct -> urethra (prostatic -> membranous -> bulbar -> penile)

Question 2

Testis

Answer 2

The site of sperm production and storage, located behind the tunica vaginalis testis

Question 3

Tunica albuginea

Answer 3

The capsule of the testis; consists of some smooth muscle

Question 4

How long does it take a spermatogonium to be a spermatozoan?

Answer 4

52 days

Question 5

How long does it take a spermatozoan to mature?

Answer 5

12 dasy

Question 6

How many lobules are in each testis?

Answer 6

~250

Question 7

Testicular septa

Answer 7

Extensions of the tunica albuginea deep into the testis

Question 8

Mediastinum testes

Answer 8

Invaginations of the tunica albugenia inside the testis; contains rete testes

Question 9

Testicular lobule

Answer 9

A unit that contains 1-4 highly convoluted seminiferous tubules

Question 10

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 10

Site of spermatogenesis and the start of spermiogenesis; surrounded by fiborous connective tissue and smooth muscle

Question 11

Spermatogenesis

Answer 11

The production of sperm

Question 12

Spermiogenesis

Answer 12

Maturation of male gametes into motile sperm

Question 13

Sertoli cells

Answer 13

Cells found inside seminiferous tubules; they nourish sperm during development and are receptors for testosterone

Question 14

Leydig cells

Answer 14

Interstitial cells outside the seminiferous tubules that secrete testosterone and other androgens into the blood stream

Question 15

Straight tubules

Answer 15

Connections from the seminiferous tubules to the mediastinum testes; also known as tubuli recti

Question 16

What cellt ypes make up the straight tubules?

Answer 16

Columnar sertoli-like cells

Question 17

Rete testis

Answer 17

Rete in the mediastinum testis consisting of simpel cubiodal epithelium and a dense fibrous interstitium

Question 18

Efferent ductules

Answer 18

Ductules leaving the testis and moving sperm into the epididymis

Question 19

What are the histological properties of the efferent ductules?

Answer 19

• Simple columnar ciliated epithelia
• Smooth muscle around ductule
• Sperm in lumen
• Some nonciliated cells are there to absorb fluid

Question 20

What are the histological properties of the epididymis?

Answer 20

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia for absorbind fluid
Very thick smooth muscle
Sperm in lumen

Question 21

Where is sperm stored before ejaculation?

Answer 21

The tail of the epididymis

Question 22

How are spermatozoa matured?

Answer 22

Acrosome cap forms from the golgi aparatus; centrioles and mitochondria migrate to the neck

Question 23

What is the pathway of the deferent duct?

Answer 23

Scrotum -> spermatic cord -> Inguinal canal -> Abdominal cavity (a small section) -> Pelvic cavity

Question 24

Deferent duct

Answer 24

The duct that transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation

Question 25

What are the smooth muscle layers of the different duct?

Answer 25

Outer layer, middle circular, inner mucosa

Question 26

What are the histological properties of the deferens duct?

Answer 26

Three muscle layers (another flash card) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with discontinuous basal cell layer Thick lamina propria

Question 27

Vasectomy

Answer 27

Cutting the deferent duct to prevent the ejection of sperm during ejaculation

Question 28

Ejaculatory duct

Answer 28

Starts where the deferent duct merges with the duct of the seminal gland; opens into the prostatic urethra

Question 29

In males, where do the urinary and genital systems merge?

Answer 29

In the prostate, where the ejaculatory duct pierces through and then empties into the prostatic urethra

Question 30

Ampulla of ductus deferens

Answer 30

A widening of the deferent duct as it empties into the urethra

Question 31

Seminal glands

Answer 31

Subperitoneal glands located on the dorsal aspect of the bladder that provides some of the fluid of semen; it is not a storage site for spermatozoa

Question 32

What are the histological properties of the seminal gland?

Answer 32

Pseudostratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium with secretory cells It has smooth muscle in the wall that contracts during ejaculation to expel contents

Question 33

What percentage of semen fluid comes from the seminal glands?

Answer 33

80%

Question 34

Prostate

Answer 34

A gland that is the site of the emptying of the ejaculatory duct into the urethra

Question 35

What are the histological properties of the prostate?

Answer 35

- Surrounded by fibromusular capsule - Septa separate about 50 lobules - Branched tubulo-acinar glands in the stroma - Irregular leaf-like glands

Question 36

What are the four zones of the prostate?

Answer 36

Anterior, transitional, central, peripheral

Question 37

Which zone of the prostate is the common site of prostate cancers?

Answer 37

Peripheral zone

Question 38

Which zone of the prostate is the urethra located in?

Answer 38

Transitional zone

Question 39

Which zone of the prostate is the ejaculator duct located in?

Answer 39

Transitional zone, but more prosterior than the urethra

Question 40

Which zone of the prostate is the bulk of the gland?

Answer 40

Peripheral zone

Question 41

What percentage of semen fluid comes from the prostate?

Answer 41

10%

Question 42

What is related to the prostate superiorly?

Answer 42

The bladder

Question 43

What is related to the prostate inferiorly?

Answer 43

Deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane

Question 44

What is related to the prostate laterally?

Answer 44

Endopelvic fascia and prostatic plexus of veins, arteries, and nerves

Question 45

What is related to the prostate posteriorly?

Answer 45

Rectum

Question 46

Denoviller's fascia

Answer 46

A fascia that surrounds the prostate and separates it from the rectum

Question 47

What are the sections of the male urethra?

Answer 47

Preprostatic -> prostatic -> membranous -> spongy

Question 48

Preprostatic urethra

Answer 48

The part of the male urethra before the prostate

Question 49

Prostatic urethra

Answer 49

The part of the male urethra inside the prostate; the site of the merge with the ejaculatory ducts

Question 50

Membranous urethra

Answer 50

The part of the male urethra in the deep perineal pouch and through the perineal membrane

Question 51

Spongy urethra

Answer 51

The part of the male urethra that is penile

Question 52

What are the two bends of the spongy urethra?

Answer 52

Pre-pubic and sub-pubic

Question 53

What are the histological properties of the penile urethra?

Answer 53

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium that transitions distally into stratified squamous

Question 54

Periurethral glands of Littre

Answer 54

glands found in the penile urethra that provide mucinous secretions to the urethral surface

Question 55

Semen

Answer 55

Ejaculate fluid

Question 56

What things contribute to the semen

Answer 56

Sperm from the testes, fluid from the prostate, fluid from the seminal glands, secretions from the periuthreal glands of Littre