Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Body (Anatomy) > Pelvis 03: Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Pelvis 03: Female Reproductive System Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does the female reproductive tract consist of?

A

Vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the intraperitoneal structures of the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries, uterine tubes, fundus of the uterus, most of the body of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the subperitoneal structures of the female reproductive system?

A

Lower uterus, cervix, vagina; the exception is the posterior fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three endopelvic fascia ligaments that suspend and support the female reproductive tract?

A

Pubocervical ligament, transverse cervical ligament, uretosacral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Round ligament of the uterus

A

A ligament in females that is analogous to the male spermatic cord; it runs from the uterus superiorly, and then inferiorly through the deep and superficial inguinal rings; it goes to the labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ligament of the ovary

A

A ligament that runs between the uterus and the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the remnant structure that becomes the round ligament of the uterus and the ligament of the ovary?

A

Gubernaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Broad ligament

A

A ligament consisting of peritoneum and parametrium that drapes over the pelvic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three parts of the broad ligament

A

Mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mesovarium

A

Part of the broad ligament that suspends the ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

Part of the broad ligament that suspends the uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mesometrium

A

Part of the broad ligament between the junction of mesovarium+mesosalpinx and the parietal peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parametrium

A

Tissue enclosed by the broad ligament beside the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Perimetrium

A

Tissue that lies around the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hysterectomy

A

An operation to remove the uterus from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three places where the ureter is in danger during hysterectomy

A

1) Distal ureter where it is crossed by the uterine artery
2) Dorsal to the suspensory ligament of the ovary at the pelvic brim
3) intramural portion of the ureter at the level of the fornices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ovaries

A

Paired organs that are the site of ova production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Oogenesis

A

The process of forming ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Secretory properties of the ovary

A

An endocrine organ; it secretes estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the four histological components of the ovary?

A

Visceral peritoneum, stroma, follicles with granulosa cells, germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Germinal epithelium

A

The visceral peritoneum of the ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the cell type of the germinal epithelium

A

Simple squamous to cuboidal mesothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ovarian stromal cells

A

Cells of the stroma of the ovary that synthesize hormones and form theca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Theca

A

Muscle-like tissue that surrounds the developing follicle in the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Primordial germ cells
The primitive germ cells, before male/female differentiation occurs
26
What are the stages of the development of female ovaries
Week 3: PGCs develop at posterior end of primitive streak Week 4: PGCs migrate into endoderm of yolk sac Week 5: PGCs migrate into genital ridge of intermediate mesoderm Week 6: PGCs enter the developing gonad
27
Primordial follicle
A follicle encasing a primary oocyte that is surrounded by squamous epithelium
28
Primary follicle
A follicle encasing a primary oocyte that is surrounded by cuboidal epithelium
29
What marks the transition of a primordial follicle to a primary follicle?
The epithelium changes from sqamous to cuboidal under the influence of FSH
30
What stage of meiosis is the primary oocyte arrested in in the primary follicle?
Meiosis 1
31
Granulosa cells
The cells of the follicular epithelium that surround the primary (not primordial) follicle
32
Pre-antral follicle
A follicle that is defined by multiple layers of granulosum and thecal cells; there is no antrum
33
Antral follicle
Also known as secondary follicle; there is large antrum; culumnus oophorus at one end is continuous with the stratum granulosum
34
What cells of the follicle produce estrogen and progesterone?
Theca interna
35
Follicular antrum
A cavity in a follicle that contains fluid
36
Graafian Follicle
Also known as tertiary follicle; marked by a very large antrum and a more developed culumnus oophorus
37
Culumus oophorus
Granulosum + oocyte inside a follicle
38
Uterine tube
A tube that connects the uterine cavity to the peritoneal cavity and transports ova to the uterine cavity
39
Plicae of the uterine tube
Folds consisting of epothelium and supporting tissue; there are smooth muscles within them to allow movement
40
What are the cell types found in the utering tube plicae?
Ciliated; nonciliated; intercalated. All are simple columnar
41
Nonciliated epithelium of the uterine tube plicae
Secretory cells; they secrete fluid that transports and nourishes gametes and capacitates sperm
42
Ciliated epithelium of the uterine tube plicae
Generate the fluid flow
43
Tubal ligation
The cutting of the fallopian tube to prevent fertilization
44
Uterine fundus
The top part of the body of the uterus
45
What are the two divisions of the cervis?
Vaginal (invaginates into the vagina) and supravaginal (still inside the uterus)
46
From outside to inside, what are the sections of the uterus, cervix, and vagina?
Introitus, vaginal canal, vaginal vault, external os, cervix canal, internal os, uterine cavity
47
Vaginal canal
The narrower part of the vagina
48
Vaginal vault
The wider part of the vagina, where the cervix opens into
49
External os
The external opening of the cervix; opens into the vagina
50
Cervial canal
The canal of the cervix
51
Internal os
The internal opening of the cervix; opens into the uterine cavity
52
Introitus
The opening of the vagina into the outside world
53
Angle of anteversion
The angle between the cervix and the vagina
54
Anteverted uterus
A uterus that is tipped anterioraly relative to the angle of anteversion
55
Retroverted uterus
A uterus that is not tipped anteriorally relative to the angle of anteversion
56
Angle of anteflexion
The angle between the cervix and the body of the uterus
57
Anteflexed uterus
A uterus that is bent anteriorally relative to the angle of anteflexion
58
Retroflexed uterus
A uterus that is not bent anteriorally relative to the angle of anteflexion
59
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium -> myometrium -> endometrium
60
Perimetrium
The outer layer of the uterus' consists of peritonium and adventitia
61
Myometrium
The middle layer of the uterus; has a middle muscular layer that is used for contractions during labor and menstruation
62
Endometrium
The inner layer of the uterus; the inner mucosa. Shed during menstruation
63
What are the three phases of the uterine mentrual cycle?
Proliferative phase -> secretory phase -> menstrual phase
64
Proliferative phase of the uterine menstrual cycle
Induced by estrogen and progesterone; preapres the endometrium for implantation
65
Secretory phase of the uterine menstrual cycle
Induced by the secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum; induces glycogen-rich secretions from endometrial glands
66
Menstural phase of the uterine menstrual cycle
Induced by the death of corpus luteum (thus, the lack of progesterone) and no implantation. Shedding of the layers of the endometrium
67
What are the layers of the endometrium?
Stratum functionalis and stratum basalis
68
Stratum functionalis
The inner layer of the endometrium that is shed during menstruation; divided into stratum compactum (deeper) and stratum spongiosum
69
Stratum compactum
The deeper layer of the stratum functionalis
70
Stratum spongiosum
The more superficial layer of the stratum functionalis
71
Stratum basalis
The outer layer of the endometrium; it is not shed during menstruation and acts as a regenerator for stratum functionalis
72
What is the blood supply of the endometrium?
Uterine artery -> arcuate artery -> radial arteries -> spiral arteries
73
Spiral arteries
Arteries that supply the endometrium; they are spiral so that they can expand in the case of implantation and growth of the fetus
74
Endometriosis
Ectopic endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
75
Retrograde menstruation
Where menses backfills into the peritoneal cavity
76
What epithelium lines the cervical canal?
Simple columnar
77
What epithelium lines the vaginal end of the cervix?
Stratified squamous
78
Lateral fornices
Bending of the vagina at the two lateral sides around the external os of the cervix; there is an anterior and posteror fornix
79
What are the smooth muscle layers of the vagina?
Inner circular and outer longitudinal
80
What is the adventitia of the vagina?
It fuses with the adventitia of the bladder and urethra anteriorally; it fuses with the adventitia of the rectum posteriorly
81
How does the uterus change with pregnancy?
Its mass increases from 50g to 1.1 kg, and its volume increases from 12ml to 9.5L
82
How does the cervix change at labor onset?
It softens, effaces (thins out), dilates, and loses its mucus plug
83
Stage 1 of labor?
Begins at the onset of labor and ends when the cervix is completed thinned and dilated
84
Stage 2 of labor
Ends with the birth of the baby
85
Stage 3 of labor
Ends with the birth of the placenta
86
Stage 4 of labor
Last two hours after the birth of the placenta

Human Body (Anatomy) (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions