Body Plan 05: Epithelia

Question 1

What are the five basic tissue types?

Answer 1

Blood, epithelia, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 2

Hematoxylin stain

Answer 2

Binds to acids, “basophilic”, and stains them dark blue

Question 3

Eosin stain

Answer 3

Binds to bases, “acidophilic” and stains them red

Question 4

What are the three components of cytoskeleton?

Answer 4

Actin, microtubules, intermediate filaments

Question 5

Actin

Answer 5

Units that can polymerize into long chains; often found in microvilli and form the cell cortex

Question 6

Microtubules

Answer 6

Alpha and beta dimers, used as tracks for motor proteins. Form the basal bodies of cilia

Question 7

Intermediate filaments

Answer 7

Large groups of structural support

Question 8

What are the three cell junctions?

Answer 8

Tight (occluding) junctions, anchor junctions (desmosome), gap (communicating) junctions

Question 9

What are some characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 9

1) They are polarized into an apix and basal side, as well as a lateral wall
2) They have little extracellular matrix
3) The basal side sits on a basement membrane
4) They can form glands
5) They line all body surfaces
6) they are avascular
7) They are contiguous
8) contain keratin intermediate filaments

Question 10

Endothelium

Answer 10

Epithelium cells that line internal walls (like blood vessels) and become more permeable during inflammation

Question 11

Mesothelial cells

Answer 11

Epithelial cells that secrete serous fluid to lubricate the sacs they line, allowing movement. These are the same sacs that rise from the intraembryonic celom

Question 12

Functions of the epithelia

Answer 12

1 ) Separate inside from outside

2) secretion
3) absorption
4) movement and transport

Question 13

What is the naming convention of epithelia

Answer 13

layers - shape - extra characteristics - epithelia

Question 14

Simple epithelia

Answer 14

Only one layer of cells

Question 15

Stratified epithelia

Answer 15

More than one layer of cells starting from the basement layer

Question 16

Pseudostratified epithelia

Answer 16

A single layer of cells that reach varying heights and gives the impression of a stratified epithelia. Usually only in respiratory

Question 17

Squamous epithelia

Answer 17

Flat cells

Question 18

Cuboidal epithelia

Answer 18

Cube-shaped cells

Question 19

Columnar epithelia

Answer 19

Rectangular cells, taller than their width

Question 20

Keratinizing epithelia

Answer 20

Producing keratin

Question 21

Keratin

Answer 21

A fiborous protein often found in hair

Question 22

Brush border

Answer 22

Consists of microvilli; increases surface area to improve diffusion of nutrients inside cell

Question 23

Microvilli

Answer 23

Tiny non-motile projectiles made of actin

Question 24

Stereocillia

Answer 24

Long microvilli. Also non-motile and also made of actin

Question 25

Clilia

Answer 25

Longer motile projectiles with microtubule core

Question 26

situs inversus

Answer 26

A condition that involves inversion of the body plan from right to left

Question 27

Kartagener Syndrome

Answer 27

A disease that affects ciliary movement. May lead to infertility and situs inversus

Question 28

Exocrine glands

Answer 28

Glands that secrete into the environment

Question 29

Endocrine glands

Answer 29

Glands that secrete into the bloodstream

Question 30

Holocrine glands

Answer 30

Glands that secrete whole cells. example: hair follicles

Question 31

Apocrine glands

Answer 31

Glands that secrete the apix of cells. example: mammary gland

Question 32

Merocrien glands

Answer 32

Glands that secrete granules. example: mucous gland

Question 33

Parenchyma

Answer 33

The functional part of a gland

Question 34

Stroma

Answer 34

The connective tissue part of a gland