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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > ABDOMEN > Flashcards

ABDOMEN Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anatomic divisions

A
  • abdominal quadrants
  • abdominal wall muscles
  • internal anatomy of the abdominal cavity
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2
Q

what are the 9 regions of the abdomen

A
  • right hypochondriac region
  • right lumbar region
  • right iliac region
  • epigastric
  • umbilical
  • hypogastric
  • left HC
  • Left lumbar
  • left iliac
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3
Q

outermost later of abdomen

A

external abdominal oblique,

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4
Q

middle layer of abdomen

A

internal abdominal oblique

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5
Q

innermost layer of abdomen

A

transverse abdominis

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6
Q

a vertical muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is called

A

rectus abdominis

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7
Q

a white line from the abdomen that was formed from muscle fibers and aponeuroses at the midline of the abdomen

A

Linea Alba

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8
Q

A thin, shiny, serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and also provides a protective covering for most of the internal abdominal organs
(visceral peritoneum).

A

peritoneum

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9
Q

what are the systems that are present in the abdominal cavity?

A
  • gastrointestinal
  • female reproductive
  • lymphatic
  • urinary
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10
Q

2 types of abdominal viscera

A

solid & hallow

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11
Q

refers to e those organs that maintain their shape consistently:

A

Solid viscera

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12
Q

consist of structures that change shape depending on their contents.

A

hollow viscera

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13
Q

what are the examples of solid viscera?

A

liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and uterus

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14
Q

What are the examples of hollow viscera?

A

stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon and bladder

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15
Q

It is the largest solid organ in the body. It is located below the diaphragm in the RUQ of the abdomen.

A

liver

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16
Q

It is a long gland extending across the abdomen from the RUQ to the LUQ and mostly located behind the stomach deep in the upper abdomen, normally not palpable

A

Pancreas

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17
Q

Two functions of pancreas

A

it is an endocrine gland and
an accessory organ of digestion

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18
Q

is approximately 7 cm wide and is located above the left kidney just below the
diaphragm at the level of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh ribs

A

spleen

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19
Q

What is main function of spleen?

A
  • filter the blood of cellular debris,
  • to digest microorganisms
  • to return the breakdown products to the liver.
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20
Q

Located high and deep under the diaphragm. Glandular, bean-shaped organs measuring 10 × 5 × 2.5 cm

A

Kidney

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21
Q

What is the main function of kidney?

A
  • filtration and elimination of metabolic waste products
  • play a role in blood pressure control and maintenance of water, salt, and electrolyte balances.
  • function as endocrine glands by secreting hormones.
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22
Q

It is a distensible, flask-like organ located in the LUQ just below the diaphragm and between the liver and spleen.

A

Stomach

23
Q

a muscular sac approximately 10 cm long located near the posterior surface of the liver lateral to the mid-clavicular line

A

gallbladder

23
Q

What is the function of stomach?

A

store, churn, and digest food.

23
Q

Function of gallbladder?

A

concentrate and store the bile needed
to digest fat

24
Q

is actually the longest portion of the
digestive tract (approximately 7.0 m long) but is named for its small diameter (approximately 2.5 cm).

A

Small intestine

25
Q

functions of small intestine

A
  • digestion
  • absorption of nutrients through millions of mucosal projections lining its walls.
26
Q

has a wider diameter than the
small intestine (approximately 6.0 cm) and is approximately 1.4 m long. It originates in the RLQ, where it attaches to the small intestine at the ileocecal valve

A

Colon or large intestine

27
Q

Functions of colon

A

it has major sections: ascending, transverse, descending.

  • secrete large amounts of alkaline mucus to lubricate the intestine and neutralize
    acids formed by the intestinal bacteria
28
Q

a distensible muscular sac located behind
the pubic bone in the midline of the abdomen

A

urinary bladder

29
Q

function of urinary bladder

A

temporary receptacle for urine

30
Q

pain is not felt at its source.

A

referred pain

31
Q

this is a type of ulcer where you feel pain a few hours after eating and relieved again once you eat again.

A

duodenal ulcer

32
Q

medical term for heartburn

A

pyrosis

33
Q

what is GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

  • occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus).
34
Q

Symptoms of GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) in adults

A
  • Frequent heart burn
  • burning type pain in the lower part of mid-chest
  • behind the breast bone
  • mid abdomen
35
Q

Vomiting with blood

A

Hematemesis

36
Q

medical term for vomiting

A

emesis

37
Q

nausea that occurs pregnancy specifically in the morning that makes pregnant women vomit.

A

morning sickness

38
Q

Nausea that is caused by motion because the inner ear, the eyes perceived motion

A

motion sickness

39
Q

usually defined as a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements
or the passage of hard and possibly painful stools.

A

Constipation

40
Q

is defined as frequency of bowel movements producing unformed or liquid stools

A

diarrhea

41
Q

occurs when hollow abdominal organs—such as the intestines—become distended or contract forcefully, or when the capsules of solid organs such as the liver and
spleen are stretched. This type of pain is often characterized as dull, aching, burning, cramping or colicky.

A

Visceral pain

42
Q

This type of pain tends to localize more to the source and is characterized as a more severe and steady pain. Occurs when the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed such as appendicitis or peritonitis.

A

Parietal Pain

43
Q

This type of pain travels, or refers, from the primary
site and becomes highly localized at the distant site. occurs at a distant sites that are innervated at approximately the same levels as the disrupted abdominal organ

A

referred pain

44
Q

sequence of assessment in the abdomen

A

Inspect, auscultate, percussion, palpation

45
Q

it is the purple discoloration at the flanks that indicated bleeding within the abdominal wall, possibly from trauma to kidney, pancreas, or duodenum or from pancreatitis

A

Grey-Turner sign

46
Q

this is significant abdominal swelling that indicating fluid accumulation in
the abdominal cavity

A

Ascites

47
Q

this color may indicate ascites in the abdomen

A

pale, taunt skin

48
Q

severe scarring of the liver

A

cirrhosis

49
Q

what are the colors of stretch marks?

A

Pink/ bluish- new striae
Silvery - old striae
White/linear/uneven - from the past pregnancies or weight gain.

50
Q

a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much of the hormone cortisol over a long period of time. Dark bluish-pink striae are also associated with this
*cortisol - stress hormone

A

Cushing syndrome

51
Q

excess scar tissue)

A

keloids

52
Q
A

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (15 decks)

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