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PALM 206 > Abdomen + Digestive System. > Flashcards

Abdomen + Digestive System. Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

-External Abdominal Oblique
-Internal Abdominal Oblique
-Transverse Abdominis
-Rectus Abdominis

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2
Q

What are the functions of the abdominal muscles?

A
  • Strong, expandable support for the abdominal viscera
  • Protection of abdominal viscera
  • Movement and position of the trunk
  • Important in posture and support of the back and trunk
  • Increases abdominal pressure to facilitate coughing, urination, and defecation
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3
Q

What is the innervation of the abdominal muscles derived from?

A

Ventral rami of spinal cord segment T7-L2

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4
Q

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Closes the remainder of the inferior pelvis and accommodates the passage of the urethra, anal canal, and vagina in females

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5
Q

What layers comprise the abdominal wall?

A
  • Skin and Superficial Fascia
  • Muscles of the Anterior Lateral Abdominal Wall
  • Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall
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6
Q

What is the role of the superficial fascia in the abdominal wall?

A

A fatty layer deep to the skin that varies in thickness

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7
Q

Which muscle is the most extensive lateral superficial muscle of the abdominal wall?

A

External Abdominal Oblique

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8
Q

What are the muscles located in the posterior abdominal wall?

A
  • Quadratus Lumborum
  • Psoas Major
  • Iliacus
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9
Q

True or False: The diaphragm is considered a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall.

A

False

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10
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

A passage or tunnel through the three lateral muscle layers of the abdominal wall

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11
Q

What structures are found in the inguinal canal in men?

A
  • Spermatic cord
  • Nerves
  • Blood vessels
  • Lymphatics
  • Ductus deferens
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12
Q

What condition can occur at the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal hernias

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13
Q

What is the major function of the digestive tract?

A

Facilitating ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

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14
Q

List the four quadrants of the abdomen.

A
  • Right Upper Quadrant
  • Left Upper Quadrant
  • Right Lower Quadrant
  • Left Lower Quadrant
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15
Q

What organs are located in the Right Upper Quadrant?

A
  • Gallbladder
  • Most of liver
  • Pyloric region of stomach
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16
Q

What is the definition of peritoneum?

A

A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity

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17
Q

What are the two major layers of the peritoneum?

A
  • Visceral layer
  • Parietal layer
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18
Q

What is ascites?

A

Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity

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19
Q

What are the major organs of the alimentary canal?

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Anal Canal
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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The space between the visceral and parietal layer is called the _______.

A

peritoneal cavity

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21
Q

What are the functions of X-rays in medical practice?

A
  • Generate radiographic images of structures
  • Identify and diagnose medical conditions
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22
Q

What is the purpose of a barium swallow in an upper GI series?

Study These Flashcards
A

To visualize the interior contour of the stomach and small intestine

23
Q

What is the primary purpose of a CT scan?

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A

To provide detailed cross-sectional images of the body

24
Q

True or False: CT scans are viewed with the person lying prone.

25
What is the function of the Levator Ani muscle?
Supports and raises the pelvic floor
26
What is the major function of the coccygeus muscle?
Supports and raises the pelvic floor
27
What is fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity called?
Ascites ## Footnote Ascites can occur due to various medical conditions.
28
What are potential causes of ascites?
* Portal hypertension * Liver diseases * Peritonitis ## Footnote These conditions can lead to excessive fluid accumulation.
29
What can cause fluid from infection or inflammation to enter the peritoneal cavity?
Infection or inflammation ## Footnote This can lead to distension of the abdomen.
30
What are the two layers of the peritoneum?
* Visceral peritoneum * Parietal peritoneum ## Footnote These layers form the peritoneal cavity.
31
True or False: Ascites is only caused by liver diseases.
False ## Footnote Ascites can result from multiple causes, including portal hypertension and peritonitis.
32
Fill in the blank: Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity is called _______.
ascites ## Footnote Ascites can be a significant clinical condition.
33
What happens to the abdomen when fluid fills the peritoneal cavity?
Distension of the abdomen ## Footnote This can lead to discomfort and other complications.
34
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Spleen, body of the stomach.
35
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Cecum, appendix, most of the ascending colon.
36
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Sigmoid colon.
37
Right and Left Upper
Pancreas.
38
Right Upper and Lower
Right kidney
39
Left Upper and Lower
Left kidney.
40
Ingestion
Accepting food into the body
41
Digestion
Breaking down food physically and chemically into molecules.
42
Absorption
Taking nutrients and fluid into the bloodstream
43
Elimination
Removing solid waste from the body.
44
Mouth
Entry point for food
45
Pharynx
Shared passageway for respiratory and digestive systems.
46
Esophagus
Muscular tube moving food via peristalsis
47
Stomach
Stores food and starts digestion
48
Small Intestine
Absorbs nutrients and liquids. Divided into: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
49
Large Intestine (Colon)
Segregates solid waste, consists of: Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon
50
Anal Canal
Path for the elimination of solid waste.
51
Quadratus Lumborum
Lateral flexion of lumbar vertebral column
52
Psoas Major
Lies in the posterior abdomen, considered a lower limb muscle.
53
Iliacus
Located in the iliacus fossa, also a lower limb muscle.

PALM 206 (6 decks)

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