Blood Vessels + Urinary System Flashcards
(47 cards)
What are the major blood vessels of the walls of the abdomen?
Superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, lumbar arteries, intercostal arteries
Blood supply originates from different locations on each side of the body.
What are the three major midline arterial trunks?
Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
These trunks supply blood to the foregut, midgut, and hindgut organs respectively.
What organs are supplied by the celiac trunk?
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Pancreas
The celiac trunk has three main branches: left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery.
What organs are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery?
- Jejunum
- Ileum
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
Supplies midgut organs.
What organs are supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery?
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum
Supplies hindgut organs.
What are the tributaries of the inferior vena cava (IVC)?
- Common iliac veins
- Median sacral vein
- Gonadal veins
- Lumbar veins
- Renal veins
- Hepatic veins
These veins drain blood from various regions but do not use the portal veins.
What is the purpose of the hepatic portal system?
To filter blood from digestive organs and spleen before it enters the inferior vena cava
This allows the liver to break down toxic substances.
How are the autonomic nerves distributed to the abdominal and pelvic viscera?
Through sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
They operate in a complementary fashion.
What is the role of sympathetic innervation in the gastrointestinal tract?
Decreases GI motility and blood flow
This happens during states of exercise or shock.
What is the role of parasympathetic innervation in the gastrointestinal tract?
Increases smooth muscle activity and promotes secretion of digestive enzymes
It also increases blood flow in the GI tract.
What are the main organs of the urinary system?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
Each organ has a specific function in urine formation and excretion.
What is the gross anatomy of the kidney?
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla
- Renal pyramids
- Renal pelvis
The kidneys lie retroperitoneal and have distinct internal structures.
What is the nephron?
The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney that filters blood to form urine
It consists of several components including the glomerulus and tubules.
What is the sequence of structures in the path of urine?
Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
This sequence outlines the flow of urine from formation to excretion.
What vessels are involved in the blood flow from the renal artery to the nephron?
- Renal arteries
- Segmental arteries
- Interlobular arteries
- Afferent arterioles
- Efferent arterioles
Each vessel plays a role in supplying blood to the kidneys and nephrons.
What is the role of the afferent arteriole in the nephron?
Brings blood to Bowman’s capsule
It is crucial for the initial filtering process.
True or False: The glomerulus loses oxygen during blood filtration.
False
The glomerulus filters blood without losing oxygen.
What does the renal pelvis do?
Collects urine from major calyces to pass into the ureter
It is a key structure in the urinary system.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the indented, closed end of the nephron tubule.
Bowman’s capsule
It is a critical component of the renal corpuscle.
Superior Epigastric Artery
Branches from the internal thoracic artery
Inferior Epigastric Artery
Branches from the external iliac artery
Celiac Trunk
Main arterial trunk with three primary branches
Left Gastric Artery
Supplies parts of the esophagus and the lesser curvature of the stomach
Splenic Artery
Supplies the spleen, parts of the stomach, and pancreas
