Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 1

Cranial Nerves:

Answer 1

These nerves emerge directly from the brain and brainstem, innervating the head and neck region.

Question 2

Spinal Nerves:

Answer 2

These nerves emerge from the spinal cord and innervate the rest of the body.

Question 3

Sensory (Afferent) Nerves:

Answer 3

Responsible for conveying sensory information from the body to the CNS.

Question 4

Motor (Efferent) Nerves:

Answer 4

Transmit motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Question 5

Somatic Nervous System:

Answer 5

Contains voluntary motor systems that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Question 6

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):

Answer 6

Involuntary system, conducting impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands.

Question 7

Specific Cranial Nerves

Answer 7

Olfactory (I)
Accessory (XI)
Trigeminal (V)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Facial (VII)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Vagus (X)
Abducens (XI)
Trochlear (IV)

Question 8

Olfactory (I):

Answer 8

Special sensory nerves of smell.

Question 9

Accessory (XI):

Answer 9

Innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Question 10

Trigeminal (V):

Answer 10

Activates chewing muscles.

Question 11

Vestibulocochlear (VIII):

Answer 11

Deals with balance and hearing.

Question 12

Facial (VII):

Answer 12

Controls facial expression muscles and conveys taste sensations.

Question 13

Hypoglossal (XII):

Answer 13

Innervates the tongue muscles.

Question 14

Vagus (X):

Answer 14

Manages heart and digestive activities.

Question 15

Abducens (XI):

Answer 15

Innervates the muscle that abducts the eye.

Question 16

Trochlear (IV):

Answer 16

Innervates the superior oblique muscle.

Question 17

Sensory Neuron Cell Bodies Location:

Answer 17

The cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglion.

Question 18

Formation of Spinal Nerves:

Answer 18

Spinal nerves are formed by the ventral (anterior) root and the dorsal (posterior) root combining.

Question 19

Immediate Division of Spinal Nerves:

Answer 19

Divided into the ventral (anterior) ramus and the dorsal (posterior) ramus.

Question 20

Nerve Plexus

Answer 20

Definition: A network of nerves.

Types: Cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.

Question 21

Dermatomes

Answer 21

Definition: An area of skin supplied mainly by one spinal nerve.

Example: Dermatome around the belly button is T10.

Question 22

Neuronal Connection

Answer 22

In ANS, two neurons are connected by a synapse - termed as preganglionic (presynaptic) and postganglionic (postsynaptic) neurons.

Question 23

Synapse Location:

Answer 23

The synapse occurs at the peripheral autonomic ganglion (motor ganglion).

Question 24

Sympathetic Division:

Answer 24

Known as the “fight or flight” response.

Question 25

Parasympathetic Division:

Answer 25

Active during resting conditions, focuses on conserving body energy, such as during digestion.