Fundamentals of Nervous System

Question 1

Sensory (Afferent) Neuronal System

Answer 1

Function: Gathers information and monitors changes inside and outside the body

Question 2

Integration (Association) Neurons

Answer 2

Function: Processes and interprets sensory input and makes decisions at each moment.

Question 3

Motor (Efferent) Neuronal Output

Answer 3

Function: Dictates a response by activating an effector or target organ.

Question 4

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 4

Components: Brain and spinal cord.

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 5

Components: Cranial and spinal nerves.

Question 6

Spinal Nerves:

Answer 6

8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal

Question 7

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 7

Function: Stimulates the body in high-stress situations.

Question 8

Target Tissues of the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 8

Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Glands

Question 9

Major Parts of a Neuron

Answer 9

Dendrites: Bring information towards the cell body.

Cell Body: Contains the nucleus and other organelles.

Axon: Takes information away from the cell body.

Question 10

Neurons:

Answer 10

Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals.

Question 11

Neuroglia:

Answer 11

Non-excitable supporting cells that surround and wrap neurons.

Question 12

Myelin-Producing Cells

Answer 12

CNS: Oligodendrocytes
PNS: Schwann cells

Question 13

Classifications of Neurons

Answer 13

Unipolar (Pseudounipolar) Sensory Neurons: One central branch to CNS.

Bipolar Neurons: Two processes; found in special sensory organs.

Multipolar Efferent Motor Neurons: More than two processes; the most common type.

Question 14

Collection of Cell Bodies

Answer 14

PNS: Ganglia
CNS: Nucleus

Question 15

Bundle of Fibers

Answer 15

PNS: Nerve
CNS: Tract

Question 16

Epineurium

Answer 16

Outer layer

Question 17

Perineurium:

Answer 17

Surrounds a fascicle

Question 18

Endoneurium:

Answer 18

Surrounds an individual axon