Abdomen - Exam 2

Question 1

layers of abdominal wall

Answer 1

skin
camper’s fascia
scarpa’s fascia
external oblique (and aponeurosis)
internal oblique (and aponeurosis)
transversus abdominus (and aponeurosis)
transversalis fascia
parietal peritoneum

Question 2

peritoneum

Answer 2

serous lining of abdominal cavity

Question 3

parietal peritoneum

Answer 3

lines outer abdominal cavity

Question 4

visceral peritoneum

Answer 4

invagination of parietal peritoneum that overlays organs

Question 5

mesentery

Answer 5

double layer of peritoneum between organs

Question 6

greater omentum

Answer 6

thick layer of mesentery with immune function, overlays abdominal organs
emerges from greater curvature of stomach and connects to transverse colon

Question 7

lesser omentum

Answer 7

layer of mesentery that forms anterior border of lesser sac
contains heptoduodenal ligament and hepatogastral ligament

Question 8

heptoduodenal ligament

Answer 8

between liver and duodenum, contains portal triad
epiploic foramen goes between portal triad

Question 9

hepatogastral ligament

Answer 9

between liver and lesser curvature of stomach

Question 10

mesentery proper

Answer 10

mesentery surrounding and securing small intestine to rear abdominal wall

Question 11

transverse mesocolon

Answer 11

mesentery surrounding transverse colon and attaching to posterior abdominal wall

Question 12

stomach (structures to identify)

Answer 12

fundus, greater/lesser curvatures, esophageal and pyloric sphincters, rugae

Question 13

duodenum

Answer 13

initial portion of small intestine where most digestion takes place
superior/descending/horizontal/ascending portions

Question 14

minor duodenal papilla

Answer 14

entrance for accessory pancreatic duct (not always present)

Question 15

major duodenal papilla

Answer 15

entrance for common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

Question 16

circular folds (villi/microvilli)

Answer 16

increase surface area for digestion and absorption

Question 17

jejunum and ileum

Answer 17

remainder of small intestine (jejunum = ULQ, ileum = LRQ)
ileum connects with large intestine

Question 18

large intestine

Answer 18

cecum
ileocecal sphincter
appendix
ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon
rectum
haustra
tenia coli
epiploic appendages

Question 19

diverticulum

Answer 19

pouches extending from large intestine walls
may become inflamed -> diverticulitis

Question 20

liver

Answer 20

R/L/caudate lobe
round ligament
falciform ligament
bare area
gall bladder
portal triad
hepatic veins

Question 21

portal triad

Answer 21

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, common bile duct

Question 22

gall bladder

Answer 22

cystic duct, entrance and exit wth spiral valve

Question 23

liver (ducts)

Answer 23

right and left hepatic ducts (become common hepatic duct)

Question 24

what merges to become common bile duct?

Answer 24

cystic duct and common hepatic duct

Question 25

spleen

Answer 25

ULQ, immune function, prone to damage from impact or laceration damage causes significant hemorrhage

Question 26

splenomegaly

Answer 26

enlarged spleen due to inflammation, increases risk of hemorrhage

Question 27

pancreas

Answer 27

exocrine function, releases digestive enzymes and bicarbonate through main and accessory pancreatic ducts has head/neck/body/tail