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Anatomy > Abdomen + Pelvis > Flashcards

Abdomen + Pelvis Flashcards

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1
Q

mesentery

A

fold of peritoneum between small intestine and posterior abdominal wall

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2
Q

which structure of the alimentary canal is part of the respiratory and digestive system?

A

pharynx

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3
Q

trigone

A

triangle of muscles in bladder that triggers urination

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4
Q

kidneys

A

retroperitoneal
between T12-L3
left sits higher because of the liver

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5
Q

urethra

A

1 1/2 in in females
7-8in in males

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6
Q

3 functions of kidneys

A

filtration, secretion, selective reabsorption

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7
Q

what is the reservoir for urine?

A

bladder

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8
Q

pancreas

A

6 in retroperitoneal
endocrine + exocrine
99% acini cells - enzymes
1% langerhans - hormones

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9
Q

what are the folds in the stomach called?

A

rugae

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10
Q

alimentary canal

A

mouth to anus approx. 30 ft
GI tract

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11
Q

what is the name of the accessory pancreatic duct?

A

santorini

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12
Q

chyme

A

partially digested milky substances entering SI

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13
Q

4 layers of esophagus

A

mucose
submucosa
muscularis
adventita

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14
Q

at what level does the esophagus enter the stomach?

A

T11

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15
Q

large intestine

A

5 ft long
cecum, colon, rectum, anus
eliminate waste, reabsorption of fluids, production of vitamins

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16
Q

romance of the abdomen

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and stomach all dump into descending duodenum

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17
Q

which biliary duct leaves the liver?

A

common hepatic duct

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18
Q

which enzyme is only secreted by the gastric glands in a babys stomach?

A

rennin

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19
Q

duodenum

A

8-10ft long
retroperitoneal
superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

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20
Q

intestinal glands

A

crypts of lieberkuhn
between bases of villi
secrete intestinal juice

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21
Q

true vs false pelvis

A

true = center (brim)
false = above the brim

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22
Q

what are the special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestines called which provide an avenue for fats to enter the bloodstream?

A

lacteal capillaries

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23
Q

bowmans capsule is found in what part of the nephron?

A

renal corpuscle

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24
Q

what structure in the kidney is referred to as the “functional unit”?

A

nephron

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25
which structure is referred to as the gullet?
esophagus
26
which structures are retroperitoneal?
kidneys, pancreas, parts of small and large intestine
27
omentum
fold of peritoneum extending from stomach to adjacent abdominal organs
28
mesocolon
fold of peritoneum between the large intestine and posterior abdominal wall
29
lesser omentum
stomach to liver
30
anal canal tip
toward umbilicus lateral position
31
in which quadrant is the gallbladder located?
RUQ
32
which ligament supports the union of the first and second portions of the small bowel?
treitz
33
in which portion of the small intestine does the ampulla of vater enter?
duodenum
34
in which quadrant(s) is the liver located?
RUQ, LUQ
35
what is the last part of the small intestine called?
ileum
36
which organ stores and concentrates bile?
gallbladder
37
which organ secretes many enzymes that aid in digestion of all 3 food groups?
pancreas
38
where does the majority of digestion occur?
small intestine (duodenum)
39
what is the double layer of parietal peritoneum called that extends from the posterior abdominal wall to the small intestine?
mesentery
40
which secretions emulsifies fat?
bile
41
what is the portion of the stomach called where it bends sharply to the right?
angular notch
42
which duct unites with the CBD to form the ampulla of vater?
pancreatic duct (Wirsung)
43
which organ produces bile?
liver
44
which organs function in secretion of liquid waste?
bladder, kidneys, urethra, ureters
45
which organ produces lymphocytes and destroys old RBC's?
spleen
46
greater omentum
stomach to transverse colon, apron covering the intestines
47
which enzyme is secreted by the stomach and breaks down proteins to peptides?
pepsin
48
suprarenal glands
secrete epinephrine and cortical hormones inner medullary portion
49
what is the name of the serous covering that lines the peritoneal cavity?
parietal peritoneum
50
what part of the stomach lies above where the esophagus enters and contains air?
fundus
51
hepatic veins
leave superior surface of liver and drain into IVC
52
duodenojejunal flexture
ligament of treitz
53
bowel obstruction
blockage of bowel lumen
54
when performing a decubitus position, what should you use to ensure you include all of the side the patient is laying on?
a radiolucent pad
55
why do we use the L lateral decubitus vs the Right?
allows gas to rise into the flank adjacent to the right where pathology wouldn't be superimposed by gastric air bubble
56
if a patient can't stand for the AP upright, what position should we use?
L lateral decubitus
57
breathing instructions for an AP abdomen
suspend at the end of expiration so the organs aren't compressed
58
sequence of exposures for a 3 way abdomen
PA chest AP upright (L later decubitus) AP supine
59
how do you determine if the abdomen is not rotated?
spinous processes in the center of lumbar vertebra wings of ilia are symmetric
60
2 centering points for the upright abdomen
2 inches above iliac crest midsagittal plane
61
what is the angle of the central ray to the IR for an AP abdomen?
perpendicular
62
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
63
volvulus
obstruction due to twisting/knotting of the GI tract
64
ileus
failure of bowel peristalsis
65
abdominal aortic aneurysm
localized dilation of abdominal aorta
66
why would we perform a 3 way abdomen series?
rule out free air, bowel obstruction, infection
67
what is the cavity posterior to the peritoneum?
retroperitoneum
68
ascites
fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity
69
what is the inner portion of the sac that covers the abdominal organs?
visceral peritoneum
70
pneumoperitoneum
presence of air in the peritoneal cavity
71
what anatomy must be included in upright abdomen thats not required in supine?
diaphragm
72
what is the outer portion of the sac that lines the abdominopelvic cavity called?
parietal peritoneum
73
what is the preferred position for the AP abdomen?
supine
74
2 centering points for supine AP abdomen
level of iliac crest midsagittal plane
75
why would we use the lateral projection, lateral position of the abdomen?
calcifications/tumors? proper placement of AAA graft?
76
what is the space between the two layers of peritoneum called?
peritoneal cavity
77
for a decubitus position, how must the central ray be directed to the IR?
horizontal and perpendicular to midpoint
78
what anatomy must be included in the supine abdomen that is not required for upright?
KUB
79
ways to prevent involuntary motion in the abdomen
allow the patient to rest 1-2 seconds before exposure for movement of viscera to subside
80
what kVp range is typical for abdomen projections?
85-90
81
what are the folds of peritoneum that support the abdominal organs?
mesentery and omenta
82
ways to prevent voluntary motion in the abdomen
have patient stop breathing for exposure
83
what is the serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic walls called?
peritoneum

Anatomy (7 decks)

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