Upper Extremity Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Try To Catch Her
She Looks Too Pretty
A
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triangular, Pisiform
2
Q
osteoarthritis
A
form of arthritis, progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebra
3
Q
what anatomy does the PA wrist in ulnar deviation best visualize?
A
scaphoid
4
Q
carpal tunnel syndrome
A
median nerve in wrist is compressed
5
Q
compact bone contains what?
A
haversian (osteon) systems
6
Q
how would we position the hand for the PA wrist and why?
A
slightly arch hand at the MCP joints by flexing the digits
7
Q
why would we use the Norgaard medthod “ballcatchers” position?
A
early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
8
Q
how the the thumb positioned for a true lateral of the forearm?
A
in line with the other digits
9
Q
what is the carpal sulcus and how is it formed?
A
anterior surface of wrist
10
Q
boxer fracture
A
fracture of metacarpal neck
11
Q
rheumatoid arthritis
A
chronic, systemic, inflammatory collagen disease
12
Q
gout
A
hereditary form of arthritis in which uric acid is deposited in joints
13
Q
what kind of joint is the radiocarpal?
A
condylar
14
Q
how can we modify the lateral hand to best elevate the 5th metacarpal for fracture?
A
AP oblique, medial rotation
15
Q
extremities develop through an ________ ossification process.
A
endochondral
16
Q
other name for Trapezoid
A
Lesser Multangular
17
Q
what anatomy does the PA oblique wrist best visualize?
A
carpals on lateral side
18
Q
osteosarcoma
A
malignant , primary tumor of bone
19
Q
what passes through the carpal canal?
A
median nerve and flexor tendons
20
Q
joint between proximal phalanx and the middle phalanx?
A
PIP
21
Q
what anatomy does the PA axial wrist, stetcher method visualize?
A
20 degree angulation to view scaphoid
22
Q
how do you perform an AP elbow if the patient cannot extend their elbow fully?
A
partial flexion of distal humerus and proximal forearm
23
Q
nutrient foramen
A
opening in periosteum
blood and nerve supply
24
Q
how many phalanges are in one hand?
A
14
25
how is the hand positioned for the lateral humerus?
pronation, on the hip
26
how many bones are in the hand?
27
27
what/where is the anatomic snuff box and what does pain in this area suggest?
a triangular depression on the lateral side of the wrist
formed by tendons of two major muscles
suggests fracture of the scaphoid
28
endosteum
membrane that lines inside of medullary cavity
consists of osteoblasts
29
how is the hand positioned for the AP humerus?
supination
30
how is the Gaynor-Hart method performed and what does it show?
tangential projection 25-30 degrees
shows carpal canal
31
metaphysis
brand new bone
32
diaphysis
primary center of bone
33
what structures are well visualized with the AP oblique elbow, medial rotation?
coronoid process free of superimposition
34
ewing sarcoma
malignant tumor of bone arising form medullary tissue
35
the joint between the distal phalanx and the middle phalanx?
DIP
36
where should the central ray be focused on an ulnar deviation wrist?
schapoid
37
is the head of the radius distal or proximal?
proximal
38
is the head of the humerus distal or proximal?
proximal
39
what structures are well visualized with the AP oblique elbow, lateral rotation?
radial head and neck free of superimposition of ulna
40
two types of bone
spongy and compact
41
joint between the carpals and the metacarpals
CMC
42
what is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
scaphoid
43
periosteum
dense, white membrane that covers bone except at articular surfaces
44
two main ways to divide the skeleton
axial and appendicular
45
osteocytes
bone cells
46
which view demonstrates all 3 fat pads of the elbow?
lateral
47
is the head of a metacarpal located distal or proximal?
distal
48
for lateral and oblique projections of digits 2-5, how should the long axis of the digit be positioned in relation to the IR and why?
parallel
open IP joints
49
what does visualization of the elbow fat pads normally indicate?
elbow pathology
50
which bone of the forearm is lateral?
radius
51
synathroses; fibrous
no movement
EX. skull and facial bones
52
amphiarthroses ; cartilaginous
slight movement
EX. pubic symphysis discs
53
how many bones does the human skeleton have?
206
54
diarthroses; synovial
freely moveable
EX. joints and mandible
55
antebrachium
forearm
56
which lateral of the hand will best demonstrate foreign bodies?
lateral extension
57
which carpal bone is palpable on the anterior surface of the wrist?
pisiform
58
the biceps muscle attaches to where distally?
radial tuberosity
59
joint between phalanges and the metacarpals
metacarpophalangeal
60
how do you get the forearm in true AP position?
supinate the hand, extend elbow, place dorsal surface of arm against IR
61
other name for Trapezium
greater multangular
62
other name for scaphoid
navicular
63
other name for triangular
triquetral
64
medullary cavity
space in long shaft of long boes
65
what forms the distal radioulnar joint?
ulnar notch and head of ulna
66
joint between the carpals?
intercarpals
67
is the head of the ulna distal or proximal?
distal
68
what type of joint allows the thumbs to oppose the fingers?
ellipsoidal
69
which surface of the scapula is slightly concave?
costal (anterior)
70
the medial portion of the scapula lies between which ribs?
2nd and 7th
71
how do you position the hand to place the greater tubercle in profile and the humeral epicondyles parallel to the IR?
external rotation
72
on which surface of the scapula is the crest of the spine located?
dorsal (posterior)
73
what is the preferred general position of the patient for shoulder exams?
AP, upright, or seated
74
what type of joint is the AC?
synovial, gliding
75
if a fracture /dislocation is suspected, how should you perform a shoulder exam?
do not rotate arm
neutral position
76
osteopetrosis
increased density of atypically soft bone
77
hill-sachs defect
impacted fracture of posterolateral aspect of the humeral head with dislocation
78
dislocation
displacement of a bone from the joint space
79
what is another name for the scapulohumeral joint?
scapulohumeral articulation
80
what two bones form the shoulder girdle?
clavicle and scapula
81
what portion of the scapula does the humerus articulate with?
glenoid fossa
82
what is the function of the shoulder girdle?
connect the upper limb to the trunk
83
what does the transthoracic lateral shoulder demonstrate?
proximal lateral humerus through the thorax
84
what does the AC joint AP projection demonstrate?
AC articulations
functions, dislocations, separations
85
what SID position do we use for the AC joints and why?
72"
reduces magnification
86
how do you position the hand to place the lesser tubercle in profile and the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR?
internal rotation
87
what type of compensating filter can be used to improve the quality of the shoulder exam?
boomerang
88
what are the borders of the scapula called?
medial, lateral, superior
89
function of the clavicle
movements of the arm
90
what does the lateral portion of the clavicle articulate with?
acromion
91
why would you perform a transthoracic lateral shoulder?
when trauma exists and the arm cannot be rotated or abducted
92
what does the Neer method demonstrate?
posterior surface of acromion, AC joint
93
what type of joint is the scapulohumeral?
synovial, ball + socket
94
chondrosarcoma
malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells
95
what are the angles of the scapula called?
superior, inferior, lateral
96
bursae
small, synovial fluid-filled sacs that relieve pressure and reduce friction
97
what does the grashey method demonstrate?
glenohumeral joint
98
what does the medial portion of the clavicle articulate with?
manubrium of sternum and first costal cartilage
99
at what angle does the flat aspect of the scapula lie in relation to the anatomic positon?
45-60 degrees
100
many of the muscles for lateral rotation of the humerus attach to a tubercle found on the lateral surface of the proximal humerus called the?
greater tubercle
101
the semilunar notch of the proximal ulna articulates with a smooth, rounded condyle called the:
trochlea
102
on the anterolateral surface of the mid-humerus is tubercle that serves for the insertion of the:
deltoid tendon
103
the intertubercular groove of the humerus is formed by the action of the:
biceps tendon
104
the large, cup shaped structure on the lateral border of the scapula that articulates with the humeral head
A acromion
B glenoid fossa
C semilunar notch
D subscapular fossa
glenoid fossa
105
the tip of the shoulder joint is formed by a large, flat, roughened area of the lateral most part of the scapular spine called:
A glenoid process
B acromion
C coracoid process
D coronoid process
acromion
106
the hook is a characteristic extension of which carpal bone?
hamate
107
projecting anteriorly from the upper scapula is a fingerlike process that serves for numerous muscle attachments called the:
A coracoid process
B acromial process
C trochlea
D lesser tubercle
coracoid process
108
the common abreviation used for the articulation formed by the medial end of the clavicle and the sternum is:
SC joint
109
the rotation of the radius around the the ulna during the act of pronation occurs between the radial head and the:
A capitulum
B acromion
C trochlea
D semilunar notch
capitulum
110
the largest carpal bone
capitate
111
the semilunar notch of the proximal ulna articulates with a smooth, rounded condyle called the:
A trochlea
B styloid process
C capitulum
D olecranon process
trochlea
112
the intertubercular groove of the humerus is formed by the action of the :
A deltoid tendon
B biceps tendon
C supraspinatous tendon
D subscapular tendon
biceps tendon
