Bony Thorax

Question 1

which bones are included in the bony thorax?

Answer 1

sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebra

Question 2

what is the function of the bony thorax?

Answer 2

protects the heart and lungs

Question 3

what are parts of the sternum?

Answer 3

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Question 4

at what vertebral level does the jugular notch lie?

Answer 4

T2-3

Question 5

at what vertebral layer does the sternal angle lie?

Answer 5

T4-5

Question 6

another name for xiphoid process

Answer 6

ensiform process

Question 7

which veins form together at the sternal angle (T4-5) to form the SVC?

Answer 7

R and L brachiocephalic veins
deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

Question 8

where does the diaphragm sit on an asthenic patient?

Answer 8

lower

Question 9

the first requirement for a patient who has sustained severe trauma to the rib cage is:

Answer 9

Ap and lateral projections of the chest

Question 10

if you need to demo air/fluid levels, which position should be used with rib injury?

Answer 10

dorsal decubitus

Question 11

with deep inspiration, the obliquity________ ?

Answer 11

decreases

Question 12

with deep expiration, the obliquity ___________ ?

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

where does the diaphragm sit on a hypersthenic patient?

Answer 13

high

Question 14

for the sternum, why do you use the RAO vs LAO position?

Answer 14

so it does not superimpose lung markings and superior ribs

Question 15

osteomyelitis

Answer 15

inflammation of bone due to a pyogenic infection

Question 16

why would we use a shallow breathing technique for an RAO of the sternum?

Answer 16

it eliminates the possibility of confusing lung markings

Question 17

how do we determine how much to rotate a patient for the RAO of the sternum?

Answer 17

depends on the depth of the chest
deep = less rotation
shallow = more

Question 18

why do we use deep inspiration for the lateral sternum?

Answer 18

provides sharper contrast between the posterior surface of the sternum and adjacent structures

Question 19

for the trauma patients, how would you demonstrate the sternum to replace both the RAO and the lateral?

Answer 19

moore method
25 degree angulation sideways

Question 20

flail chest

Answer 20

3 or more ribs located next to each other are fractured in two or more places

Question 21

what is the difference in positioning for a SC PA projection bilateral and unilateral?

Answer 21

bilateral = rest patients head on chin
unilateral = turn head to affected side

Question 22

osteolytic

Answer 22

causing or relating to the breakdown of bone

Question 23

osteoblastic

Answer 23

process of new bone formation, or the cells that create new bone

Question 24

pectus carinatum

Answer 24

breastbone and ribs are pushed outward (pigeon chest)

Question 25

pectus excavatum

Answer 25

breastbone sinks into the chest (funnel chest)

Question 26

what classification is the xiphisternal joint?

Answer 26

cartilaginous, synchondroses (immovable)

Question 27

what classification is the manubriosternal joint?

Answer 27

cartilaginous, symphysis

Question 28

for the axillary ribs, PA oblique, where is the affected side in relation to the IR?

Answer 28

away from IR

Question 29

what classification are the SC joints?

Answer 29

synovial, gliding

Question 30

why is it important to explain to patients the need for deep inspiration when performing rib exams?

Answer 30

expanding the lungs

Question 31

for the axillary ribs, AP oblique, where is the affected side in relation to the IR?

Answer 31

closest to the IR

Question 32

which position do you use to clear the left ribs from superimposition of the heart?

Answer 32

LAO or RPO

Question 33

which position do you use to clear the right ribs from superimposition of the heart?

Answer 33

LPO or RAO

Question 34

how do you determine which projections to perform for ribs?

Answer 34

axillary - oblique anterior - PA posterior - AP

Question 35

why do we use a lower kVp for ribs than for a chest?

Answer 35

increase beam attenuation in the ribs

Question 36

how should a patient with a rib injury be positioned?

Answer 36

affected rib region parallel with plane of IR

Question 37

approximately how much does the diaphragm move between full respiration phases?

Answer 37

1 1/2 inches

Question 38

how do you perform the SC, PA oblique projection, body rotation method?

Answer 38

prone, position patient 10-15 degrees suspend at expiration

Question 39

in what body position is the diaphragm at its highest level? lowest?

Answer 39

highest = supine lowest = upright

Question 40

which ribs are considered floating ribs and why?

Answer 40

11 + 12 attached only to vertebra

Question 41

which part of the ribs contain arteries, veins, and nerves?

Answer 41

costal groove

Question 42

which ribs are considered true ribs and why?

Answer 42

1-7 they attach directly to sternum

Question 43

which ribs are considered false ribs and why?

Answer 43

8-12 they do not attach directly to the sternum

Question 44

at what vertebral layer does the xiphoid process lie?

Answer 44

T10

Question 45

how long is the average sternum?

Answer 45

6 inches

Question 46

how many pairs/total ribs are there?

Answer 46

12 pairs 24 total

Question 47

costal cartilage of the first 7 pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum at the end of the costal facets

Answer 47

vertebrosternal (true)

Question 48

costal cartilage of 8-10 ribs attach to costal cartilage of 7th rib

Answer 48

vertebrochondral (false) interchondral joints

Question 49

ribs 11-12 do not attach directly to sternum

Answer 49

vertebral (false and floating)

Question 50

the widest point of the rib cage

Answer 50

ribs 7, 8, 9

Question 51

head of rib

Answer 51

articulates with facet on body of vertebra

Question 52

ribs 1, 10, 11, 12 articulate with how many vertebral bodies?

Answer 52

one

Question 53

tubercle of rib

Answer 53

articulates with transverse process of vertebra

Question 54

the posterior rib articulation with the body of a thoracic vertebra is called a?

Answer 54

costovertebral joint