General Terms Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
Evert and Invert
A
evert = turning outwards towards the midline of the body
invert = turning inwards towards the midline of the body
2
Q
sthenic
A
high or excess levels of energy and strength
3
Q
protuberance
A
projecting part of prominence
4
Q
peripheral
A
away from the center
5
Q
asthenic
A
weakness, lack of energy or strength
6
Q
epiphyseal line
A
growth plate, ossifies as patients age
7
Q
medullary cavity
A
central cavity, contains trabeculae filled with yellow marrow
red marrow is concentrated at the ends
8
Q
fractures
A
closed
nondisplaced
displaced
open
compression
greenstick
transverse
spiral/oblique
comminuted
impacted
9
Q
depressions
A
foramen (opening)
fossa
groove
meatus
notch
sinus
sulcus
10
Q
red/yellow marrow
A
red = produces red and white blood cells
yellow = stores adipose cells
11
Q
ALARA
A
as low as reasonably achievable
12
Q
hyposthenic
A
abnormal lack of strength
13
Q
fowlers
A
patient lying down, head elevated with legs straight or bent
14
Q
line
A
less prominent ridge than a crest
15
Q
visceral
A
soft internal organs
16
Q
PPE
A
personal protective equipment
17
Q
plantar
A
the sole of foot
18
Q
function of bones
A
shape and support
protection
storage for minerals
19
Q
dorsi/plantar flexion
A
dorsi = upwards
plantar = downwards
20
Q
horn
A
horn like process on bone
21
Q
hamulus
A
hook shaped process
22
Q
SID
A
source to image distance
23
Q
AEC
A
automatic exposure control
24
Q
how can we eliminate motion from being imaged?
A
breath holding
positioning aides
25
involuntary motion
cardiac motion
peristalsis
26
voluntary motion
respiratory
27
hypersthenic
excessive muscle tone
28
thoracic
esophagus, heart, lungs, thymus, trachea
29
periosteum
tough, fibrous connective tissue, covers all bony surfaces except articular surfaces
30
diaphysis
during development ONLY
long shaft of bone
31
epiphysis
each end of bone
32
axial skeleton
80 bones
33
fibrous joints
syndemosis = immovable
suture = immovable
gomphosis = immovable
34
axial
angulation of x-ray tube
35
superficial
closer to the surface of the body
36
abdominal
stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, small intestine, pancreas
37
pelvic
bladder, rectum, part of descending colon
in females = uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes
38
OID
object to image distance
39
contralateral
having to do with the opposite side of the body
40
dorsum
back or posterior side of a structure
41
synarthroses
immovably fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue
42
SSD
source to skin distance
43
cartilaginous joints
symphysis = slightly moveable, between two bones
synchondrosis = bones joined together by hyaline cartilage
44
ipsilateral
on the same side of the body as another structure
45
synovial joints
gliding
hinge
pivot
ellipsoid
saddle
ball + socket
46
parietal
relating to the walls of a body cavity
47
classification of bones
long
short
flat
sesamoid
irregular
48
trabeculae
interconnecting spaces in spongy bone, filled with red + yellow marrow
49
mAs
milliampere seconds
measure of radiation produced over a set amount of time via an x-ray tube
50
appendicular skeleton
126 bones
51
kVp
kilovoltage peak
peak potential or highest voltage applied to the x-ray tube
52
diarthroses
freely moveable joints covered by hyaline cartilage
53
amphiarthroses
slightly/limited movement connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage
54
what technical factor determines how well the x-ray beam penetrates the part being x-rayed?
kVp
55
primary ossification center on the shaft of a bone
diaphysis
56
bone cells receive nourishment and eliminate waste from a series of microscopic blood vessels contained within small bony canals called:
haversian canals
57
bone-forming cells
osteoblasts
58
the flexibility of bone tissue is primarily due to the action of the chief organic component of bone called:
collagen
59
the cranial sutures and other immovable joints are classified as:
synarthrodial
60
the stability of joints are dependent on the action of:
ligaments, tendons, and muscles
61
most of the bones of the body are pre-formed by a special type of cartilage
hyaline
62
the most common type of bone marrow found in the average adult skeleton
yellow
63
the connection of two bones at a joint is accomplished by a specialized dense connective tissue called:
ligaments
64
in a newborn, the soft spot (fontanel) located at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones is termed the:
anterior fontanel
65
the true bone cell (osteocyte) can be distinguished from an osteoblast by the presence of surrounding:
lacunae
66
in freely movable joints, the ends of the bone are covered by ____________ which prevents direct bone to bone contact during movement
articular cartilage
67
many bones of the adult skull posses a layer of cancellous bone between the inner and outer layers of the bone. this is called:
diploe
68
most freely movable joints have a special lining membrane which secretes a lubricating fluid called:
synovial fluid
69
broad, flat bones of the skull develop from a special connective tissue and are termed:
intramembranous bones
70
the medullary cavity is in large part formed by specialized cells which reabsorb bone tissue called:
osteoclasts
71
muscle tissue is attached to bone by a specialized connective tissue known as:
tendons
72
chronic rheumatoid arthritis often damages the joint membranes and may lead to an abnormal joint stiffening called:
ankylosis
73
the term employed for dislocation is:
luxation
74
tough fibrous covering of bones that aids in the repair of bones
A periodontal membrane
B articular cartilage
C periosteum
D epiphysis
periosteum
75
roughened areas of bone that serve for attachments of tendons
A condyles
B foramen
C meatus
D tubercles
tubercles
76
the flat bones of the adult skull is usually joined together along irregular articulations called
A Sutures
B Fontanels
C Sinuses
D Diaphyses
Sutures
77
the hollowed out central cavity that is found in the shaft of a long bone
A nutrient cavity
B diploe
C medullary cavity
D haversian canal
medullary cavity
78
bones that form in a joint capsule and serve to reduce the friction created at the joint
A flagella
B fontanels
C sesamoid bones
D carbonates
sesamoid bones
79
with the exception of the wrist and foot bones, all the bones of the upper and lower extremities are classified as:
A short bones
B long bones
C flat bones
D long bones
long bones
80
the gland that has the greatest single effect on bone development and growth in the:
A pituitary gland
B thyroid gland
C reproductive gland
D adrenal gland
pituitary gland
81
the movement involving the turning of a part towards the midline of the body
A circumduction
B flexion
C abduction
D inversion
inversion
82
the outer layer (cortical layer) of bone is made up of tightly packed bone cells and is given the name:
A spongy bone
B compact bone
C cartilaginous bone
D epiphyseal bone
compact bone
83
bone is the most rigid of the connective tissue. its hardness is principlely due to the presence of mineral salts such as:
A collagen sulfate
B calcium phosphate
C lead phosphate
D radium carbonate
calcium phosphate
84
the ends of many bones contain several branching bony plates which increase the strength of the bone. this type of bone is classified as:
A compact bone
B osteoporotic bone
C colkmanns bone
D cancellous bone
cancellous bone
85
the secondary growth centers that appear in the ends of the long bones in the first few years after birth are called:
A metaphyses
B articular cartilage
C epiphyses
D sutures
epiphyses
86
individual bone cells are able to communicate and pass nutrients between each other by a series of:
A phorocytes
B endosteum
C canaliculi
D hematomas
canaliculi
87
tennis elbow and housemaids knee are two common disorders involving a specialized sac near the joint capsule called
bursa
