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GIGU Exam 1 > Abdominal Angiology > Flashcards

Abdominal Angiology Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries of the Abdominal Wall:

A

(1) Subcostal A
(2) Lumbar A
(3) Deep Circumflex Iliac A
(4) Superficial Circumflex Iliac A
(5) Superficial Epigastric A
(6) Inferior Epigastric A
(7) Superior Epigastric A

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2
Q

Subcostal Artery

A
  • Branch off the thoracic aorta
  • Follows the 12th rib under the diaphragm, in front of the quadratus lumborum muscle near the lateral arcuate ligament and behind the kidneys
  • Passes into the anterior abdominal wall between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle
  • Subcostal N accompanies this vessel
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3
Q

Lumbar Artery

A
  • 4 paired branches of the abdominal aorta in the lumbar region (L1-L4)
  • Pass posterolateral across the abdominal wall, over the quadratus lumborum before entering the space between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles
  • Supply the abdominal wall structures they pass by via branches
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4
Q

Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery

A
  • Branch off the R and L External Iliac A
  • Runs parallel to the Inguinal Ligament, moving towards the Iliac Crest
  • Supplies the Iliacus muscle and Inferior Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
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5
Q

Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery

A
  • Branch off the R and L Femoral A
  • Runs above the Inguinal Ligament
  • Supplies the Subcutaneous Tissue near the inguinal ligament
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6
Q

Superficial Epigastric Artery

A
  • Branch of the R and L Femoral A
  • Follows a medial direction towards the Umbilicus, supplying the subcutaneous tissue in the area (tissue above inferior portion of rectus abdominis)
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7
Q

Inferior Epigastric Artery

A
  • Paired vessel
  • Branch off the External Iliac Artery, superior to the Inguinal Ligament
  • Runs medially, anterior to the Transversalis Fascia within the Lateral Umbilical Fold, to enter the Rectus Sheath near the Arcuate Line
  • Runs behind the Rectus Abdominis muscle
  • Anastamoses with the Superior Epigastric A
  • Supplies the anterior abdominal wall
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8
Q

Superior Epigastric Artery

A
  • Branches the L and R Internal Thoracic Artery
  • Runs inferiorly on the back of the Rectus Abdominis muscle, enters the rectus sheath then anastomoses with the Inferior Epigastric A
  • Supplies the Rectus Abdominis muscle
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9
Q

Arteries of the Superior Surface of the Diaphragm (3):

A
  • Superior Phrenic A
  • Musculophrenic A
  • Pericardiacophrenic A
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10
Q

Arteries of the Inferior Surface of the Diaphragm:

A

Inferior Phrenic A which has the Superior Suprarenal A branching off of it

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11
Q

Superior Phrenic Artery

A
  • Paired branch off the Thoracic Aorta
  • Branches and supplies the superior surface of the diaphragm
  • Anastomoses with the Musculophrenic and Pericardiacophrenic arteries
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12
Q

Musculophrenic Artery

A
  • Paired branch off the Internal Thoracic A
  • Travels along the costal margin of ribs 7-9, supplying that area before reaching superior surface of diaphram
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13
Q

Pericardiacophrenic Artery

A
  • Paired branch off the Internal Thoracic A
  • Runs down the pericardium, supplying it before reaching the superior surface of the diaphragm
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14
Q

Inferior Phrenic Artery

A
  • First paired branch off the abdominal aorta
  • Provides vascularization to the inferior surface of the diaphragm
  • Sends branches to the esophagus and suprarenal glands
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15
Q

What Artery Branches off the Inferior Phrenic Artery?

A

Superior Suprarenal Artery

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16
Q

Superior Suprarenal Artery

A
  • Branches of the Inferior Phrenic Arteries
  • Run inferiorly to supply the right and left suprarenal glands
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17
Q

Abdominal Aorta

A
  • Runs from T12 to L4
  • At L4 it bifurcates into the Common Iliac Arteries
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Branches use ligaments and mesentery to reach organs they supply
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18
Q

Branches off of the Abdominal Aorta (9):

A

(1) Inferior Phrenic A (paired)
(2) Celiac Trunk (unpaired)
(3) Middle Suprarenal A (paired)
(4) Lumbar As (paired)
(5) Renal A (paired)
(6) Superior Mesenteric A (unpaired)
(7) Gonadal A (paired)
(8) Inferior Mesenteric A (unpaired)
(9) Medial Sacral A (unpaired)

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19
Q

What are the 3 main branches off the Celiac Trunk?

A
  • Left Gastric A
  • Splenic A
  • Common Hepatic A
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20
Q

Celiac Trunk

A
  • Unpaired trunk
  • Emerges off the Aorta around T12
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Supplies structures of the foregut
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21
Q

Left Gastric Artery

A
  • Branch of Celiac Trunk
  • Branches once it reaches the cardiac part of the stomach
  • Part of the artery follows the lesser curvature of the stomach (within the lesser omentum) and anastomoses with the R Gastric A (from common hepatic)
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22
Q

What artery branches off the Left Gastric Artery?

A

Esophageal Branch

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23
Q

Esophageal Branch

A
  • Branch of the Left Gastric A
  • Runs superiorly to supply the the thoracic and abdominal aspects of the esophagus
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24
Q

Splenic Artery

A
  • Branch off the Celiac Trunk
  • Travels towards the L side of the abdomen, running along the superior border of the pancreas
  • Enters the Splenorenal Ligament to reach the hilum of the spleen
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25
Q

What are the 3 branches off the Splenic Artery?

A
  • Left Gastroepiploic A
  • Short Gastric As
  • Pancreatic As
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26
Q

Left Gastroepiploic (Gastro-omental) Artery

A
  • Branch of Splenic A
  • Runs through the Gastrosplenic Ligament to the greater curvature of the stomach
  • Anastomoses with the R Gastroepiploic A in the Greater Omentum (Gastrocolic L)
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27
Q

Short Gastric Arteries

A
  • Branch off near the terminal end of the Splenic A
  • Travels towards the stomach within the Gastrosplenic L
  • Supplies the fundus of the stomach
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28
Q

Pancreatic Arteries

A
  • Branch of Splenic A
  • Located superior to the pancreas
  • Supply the body and tail of the pancreas
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29
Q

What are the branches of the Common Hepatic Artery?

A
  • Right Gastric A
  • Gastroduodenal A
  • Proper Hepatic A
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30
Q

Common Hepatic Artery

A
  • Branch off the Celiac Trunk
  • Has 3 branches that run towards the R side of the body
  • Its branches supply the liver, gallbladder, biliary system, stomach, duodenum, and pancreas
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31
Q

Proper Hepatic Artery (Hepatic Artery Proper)

A
  • Branch off the Common Hepatic A
  • Runs through the Hepatoduodenal Ligament to reach the Porta Hepatis
  • Divides into two branches to supply the Non-Parenchymal Cells of the Liver
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32
Q

What are the two branches of the Proper Hepatic Artery?

A
  • Left Hepatic A
  • Right Hepatic A
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33
Q

Left Hepatic Artery

A
  • Branch off the Proper Hepatic A
  • Travels towards the left lobe of the liver to supply the non-parenchymal liver cells
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34
Q

Right Hepatic Artery

A
  • Branch off the Proper Hepatic A
  • Travels towards the right lobe of the liver to supply the non-parenchymal liver cells
  • Cystic A branches off of this
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35
Q

What branches off of the Right Hepatic Artery?

A

Cystic Artery

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36
Q

Cystic Artery

A
  • Branch of Right Hepatic A
  • Located in the cystohepatic triangle (Triangle of Calot)
  • Supplies the Gallbladder and Cystic Duct
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37
Q

Right Gastric Artery

A
  • Branch of the Common Hepatic A
  • Travels towards the L abdominal wall and the lesser curvature of the stomach (lesser omentum)
  • Anastomoses with the Left Gastric A
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38
Q

Gastroduodenal Artery

A
  • Branch off of the Common Hepatic A
  • Sends branches inferiorly to supply the stomach, pancreas, and first part of the duodenum
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39
Q

What are the branches off of the Gastroduodenal Artery?

A
  • Right Gastroepiploic (Gastro-omental) A
  • Superior Pancreaticoduodenal A
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40
Q

Right Gastroepiploic (Gastro-omental) Artery

A
  • Branch of the Gastroduodenal A
  • Travels along the greater curvature of the stomach within the greater omentum (gastrocolic ligament)
  • Anastomoses with the left gastroepiploic A
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41
Q

Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

A
  • Branch of the Gastroduodenal A
  • Has posterior and anterior branches that go around the head of the pancreas and provide vascular supply
  • Anastomose with Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal branches off of the Superior Mesenteric A
  • Supplies the proximal duodenum and head of the pancreas
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42
Q

Middle Suprarenal Artery

A
  • Paired branches of the abdominal aorta
  • Branch around/below T12
  • Travel across the posterior abdominal wall to reach the suprarenal gland
  • Joined by the Superior Suprarenal A and Inferior Suprarenal A to supply the Suprarenal Gland
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43
Q

What are the branches off of the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A
  • Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal A
  • Jejunal Branches
  • Right Colic A
  • Middle Colic A
  • Ileal Branches
  • Ileocolic A
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44
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery

A
  • Unpaired Trunk off of the Abdominal Aorta
  • Branches around L1
  • Located behind the neck of the pancreas; travels anterior to the Horizontal Duodenum
  • Supplies the Midgut Organs (distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal aspect of the transverse colon)
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45
Q

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

A
  • First branch off of the Superior Mesenteric A
  • Branches into anterior and posterior branches that travel to the head of the pancreas where they anastomose with the Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries
  • Supply the Head of the Pancreas and distal Duodenum – marks the transition between the foregut and midgut
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46
Q

Where is the transition between the Foregut and Midgut?

A
  • Foregut: Duodenum proximal to the opening of the Bile Duct
  • Midgut: Duodenum distal to the opening of the Bile Duct
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47
Q

Jejunal Branches

A
  • Branches of the Superior Mesenteric A
  • Typically 7-8 branches
  • Supplies the Jejunum
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48
Q

Jejunal Branches: Arcades & Vasa Recta

A
  • Arcades: Few large loops
  • Vasa Recta: Very long
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49
Q

Ileal Branches

A
  • Branches of the Superior Mesenteric A
  • Typically 8-9 branches
  • Supplies the Ileum
50
Q

Ileal Branches: Arcades & Vasa Recta

A
  • Arcades: Many short loops
  • Vasa Recta: Short
51
Q

Ileocolic Artery

A
  • Terminal branch of the Superior Mesenteric A
  • Runs obliquely towards the LLQ within the mesentery
  • Supplies the distal Ileum, cecum, appendix and some of the ascending colon
52
Q

What branches off of the Ileocolic Artery?

A

Appendicular Artery

53
Q

Appendicular Artery

A
  • Branch of the Ileocolic A
  • Supplies the Vermiform Appendix (reaches it via the Mesoappendix)
54
Q

Right Colic Artery

A
  • Branch off of the Superior Mesenteric A
  • Travels through the Mesocolon
  • Supplies the Ascending Colon
55
Q

Middle Colic Artery

A
  • Branch off of the Superior Mesenteric A (in lab will see this branching off of Right Colic A)
  • Travels through the transverse mesocolon
  • Supplies the Right 1/2 to 2/3 of the Transverse Colon
56
Q

Cannon’s Point

A
  • Junction of the midgut and hindgut
    (Midgut: Right 1/2 to 2/3 of Transverse Colon; Foregut: Left 1/3 to 1/2 of Transverse Colon)
57
Q

Supplies the Foregut:

A

Celiac Trunk

58
Q

Supplies the Midgut:

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

59
Q

Supplies the Hindgut:

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

60
Q

Renal Artery

A
  • Paired branches of the Abdominal Aorta that come off around L1-L2
  • Right is longer than Left because it has to cross under the IVC
  • Supply the kidneys, suprarenal glands, and ureters
  • Branches into Segmental Arteries once it reaches the Hilum of the Kidney
61
Q

Arteries that supply the Ureters:

A
  • Gonadal As
  • Common Iliac A
  • Branches of Internal Iliac A
  • Renal A
62
Q

What branches off of the Renal Artery?

A

Inferior Suprarenal Artery

63
Q

Inferior Suprarenal Artery

A
  • Branch off of Renal A
  • Supplies the Suprarenal Gland
64
Q

Gonadal Artery

A
  • Paired branches off of the Abdominal Aorta that come off around L2
  • Different locations between the sexes – pathway and end location are different
65
Q

Ovarian Artery

A
  • Paired artery from abdominal aorta
  • Travels inferolateral to supply the ovaries, uterine tube and ureter
  • Runs through the Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary
66
Q

Testicular Artery (Internal Spermatic Artery)

A
  • Paired vessels from abdominal aorta
  • Run inferiorly to the anterior abdominal wall to enter the Deep Inguinal Ring (Inguinal Canal); run in the Spermatic Cord to reach the testes within the scrotum
  • Supplies the testes, epididymis, and ureters
67
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

A
  • Unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that come off around L3
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Supplies the hindgut structures (Distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, proximal rectum)
68
Q

Marginal Artery (Marginal Artery of Drummond)

A
  • Anastomosis arcade between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries (middle colic and left colic) around the left colic flexure
  • Provides collateral flow to the intestines
  • Marks the transition between the midgut and hindgut
69
Q

Branches off of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery:

A
  • Left Colic A
  • Sigmoid A
  • Superior Rectal A
70
Q

Left Colic Artery

A
  • Branch of the Inferior Mesenteric A
  • Travels towards the L side of the abdominal cavity to reach the Descending Colon
  • Supplies the Descending Colon
71
Q

Sigmoid Artery

A
  • Branch of the Inferior Mesenteric A
  • Travels towards the inferior portion of the abdomen within the sigmoid mesocolon
  • Supplies the descending colon, sigmoid colon and superior rectum
72
Q

Superior Rectal Artery

A
  • Terminal branch of the Inferior Mesenteric A
  • Supplies the proximal part of the rectum
73
Q

Median Sacral Artery

A
  • Unpaired branch off the abdominal aorta just superior to the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
  • Travels along the midline inferiorly
  • Supplies the sacrum and its surrounding structures
74
Q

Common Iliac Artery

A
  • Abdominal Aorta bifurcates around the level of L4 and creates the R and L Common Iliac As
  • Travel inferolateral into the pelvis, running along with the psoas muscles and subdivide around the pelvic brim into an internal and external iliac A
75
Q

Internal Iliac Artery

A
  • Paired arteries off of the Common Iliac Arteries
  • Travel medially into the pelvic cavity
  • Supplies pelvic organs, gluteal muscles, and perineum
76
Q

External Iliac Artery

A
  • Paired arteries off of the Common Iliac Arteries
  • Two branches: Inferior Epigastric A, Deep Circumflex Iliac A
  • Transitions into Femoral A after exiting Inguinal Ligament
77
Q

Middle Rectal Artery

A
  • Paired vessel off of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery
  • Supplies the inferior rectum and anal canal
78
Q

Inferior Rectal Artery

A
  • Branch of the internal pudendal artery
  • Supplies the distal anal canal
79
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A
  • Receives nutrient-poor blood from the lower limbs, back, abdominal wall, abdominal viscera (via portal venous system), and pelvic viscera
  • Located to the right of the abdominal aorta
  • Does not contain any valves until it reaches its end at the heart
80
Q

Gonadal Vein

A
  • Drain nutrient-poor blood from the gonads and their associated structures
  • Have a non-common path for venous return – Right path different from Left path
81
Q

Right Gonadal Vein: Females (Ovarian)

A
  • Drains the ovary and associated structures
  • Runs from within the pelvic cavity to the IVC (around level of L2-L3)
82
Q

Left Gonadal Vein: Males & Females

A
  • Drains into the Left Renal Vein after leaving the hilum of the kidney
  • Passes under the superior mesenteric artery to drain into the IVC
83
Q

Right Gonadal Vein: Males (Testicular)

A
  • Drains the testes and associated structures
  • Combines with the pampiniform plexus (from spermatic cord) when it reaches the abdominal wall within the inguinal canal, and forms the Testicular Vein Proper
  • Drains into the IVC (around level of L2-L3)
84
Q

Portal Venous System

A
  • Network of veins that take the venous blood from the GI tract’s capillaries and directs it to the liver capillaries
  • Once this blood is processed by the liver it is returned to the IVC near the diaphragm
85
Q

Portal-Systemic Anastomoses

A
  • Connects the Portal System (liver) to the Systemic/Caval System (IVC)
  • If something happens within the portal system or liver, this anastomosis allows the blood to return to systemic circulation without undergoing processing by the liver
  • Alternative pathways for flow can create varices
86
Q

Superior Mesenteric Vein

A
  • Collects venous return from foregut and midgut areas (stomach, greater omentum, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon)
  • Transfers blood into the venous portal system by merging with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein
87
Q

Right Gastroepiploic Vein

A

Drains the stomach and greater omentum

88
Q

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Vein

A

Drains the pancreas and duodenum

89
Q

Jejunal Veins

A

Drains Jejunum

90
Q

Ileal Veins

A

Drains Ileum

91
Q

Ileocolic Veins

A

Drains Cecum and Vermiform Appendix

92
Q

Right Colic Vein

A

Drains Ascending Colon

93
Q

Middle Colic Vein

A

Drains Transverse Colon

94
Q

Splenic vein

A
  • Part of the venous portal system
  • Drains the spleen, inferior mesenteric vein, short gastric vein, left gastroepiploic vein, and pancreatic veins
  • Starts within the Splenorenal Ligament and travels towards the liver
95
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Vein

A

Drains Large Intestine (transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon) and Rectum

96
Q

Short Gastric Vein

A

Drains Stomach

97
Q

Left Gastroepiploic Vein

A

Drains stomach

98
Q

Pancreatic Veins

A

Drains Pancreas

99
Q

The ___ ___ ___ drains into the Splenic Vein before it merges with the ___ ___ ___ to form the Hepatic Portal Vein around L1.

A
  • Inferior Mesenteric Vein
  • Superior Mesenteric Vein
100
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein

A
  • Formed by the joining of the Splenic Vein and Superior Mesenteric Vein around the neck of the pancreas
  • Takes blood from GI Tract and brings it to the Liver (supplies parenchymal cells of the liver with nutrients)
101
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein joins the ___ ___ and __ ___ ___ to enter the liver via the ___ ____

A
  • Hepatic Duct and Proper Hepatic Artery
  • Porta Hepatis
102
Q

Porta Hepatis is contained within the:

A

Hepatoduodenal Ligament of the Lesser Omentum

103
Q

Hepatic Vein

A

Drains Liver

104
Q

Right Hepatic Vein

A

Drains Right lobe of Liver

105
Q

Left Hepatic Vein

A

Drains Left Lobe of Liver

106
Q

Middle Hepatic Vein

A

Drains middle portion of Liver

107
Q

Lymphatic Vessels of the Abdominal Wall that are located above the Umbilicus go to the:

A

Axillary Lymph Nodes and some to the Parasternal Lymph Nodes

108
Q

Lymphatic Vessels of the Abdominal Wall that are located below the Umbilicus go to the:

A

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes (located near inguinal canal)

109
Q

Deep Lymphatic Vessels of the Abdominal Wall follow the deeper veins to lymph nodes near the ___ ____ ___ and the ____

A
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Aorta
110
Q

Lymphatics from the Testis use the ___ ___ to enter the abdomen and drain into the ___ and ___-____ lymph nodes

A
  • Spermatic Cord
  • Lumbar
  • Pre-Aortic
111
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the scrotum goes to the ___ ____ lymph nodes first before entering the abdominal cavity, and then draining into the ____ and ___ lymph nodes

A
  • Superficial Inguinal
  • Iliac
  • Lumbar
112
Q

Lymphatic Vessels of the Posterior Abdominal Wall lie along the:

A
  • Aorta
  • IVC
  • Iliac Vessels (common, internal, external)
113
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall Lymphatics: Celiac Lymph Nodes

A

Receive lymph from Foregut organs

114
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall Lymphatics: Superior Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

A

Receive lymph from Midgut organs

115
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall Lymphatics: Inferior Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

A

Receive lymph from Hindgut organs

116
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall Lymphatics: Lumbar Lymph Nodes

A

Receive lymph from Posterior abdominal wall, kidneys, ureters and gonads

117
Q

Cisterna Chyli

A
  • Blunt sac-like structure around the level of L1 or L2
  • Start of the thoracic duct
  • Collects lymph from lower limbs, pelvis and abdomen
118
Q

Spleen

A
  • Largest lymphatic organ
  • Located in LUQ between the stomach and diaphragm, around the left 9-11th ribs
  • Intraperitoneal
  • Attachments to the Gastrosplenic Ligament and Splenorenal Ligaments
119
Q

Gastrosplenic Ligament

A
  • Connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the spleen
  • Contains the Short Gastric Arteries
120
Q

Splenorenal Ligaments (Lienorenal Ligament)

A
  • Connects left kidney to the spleen
  • Contains the splenic vessels and tail of the Pancreas
121
Q

Hilum of the Spleen

A
  • Notch-like structure on the medial surface of the spleen
  • Splenic artery and vein enter and exit here

GIGU Exam 1 (14 decks)

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