Abdominal Arthrology & Myology Flashcards
(174 cards)
1
Q
Location of Abdominal Cavity
A
- Inferior to Thoracic Diaphragm
- Superior to Pelvic Cavity
2
Q
Walls of the abdomen are mostly:
A
Soft Tissue (muscle)
3
Q
What lines the Abdominal Cavity?
A
Serous Membrane called the Peritoneum
4
Q
Role of the Peritoneum:
A
Allows the tightly packed organs of the abdomen to work next to each other without interfering or impeding
5
Q
Camper Fascia (Superficial Fatty Layer)
A
- Superficial layer of adipose tissue found below the skin
- In males the accumulation of this type of fat is often called “beer belly”
6
Q
Scarpa Fascia (Deep Membranous Layer of Subcutaneous Tissue)
A
- Layer of thick tissue that runs deep to the Camper Fascia
7
Q
Scarpa Fascia runs inferior to the ____ to become continuous with the ___ ___ fascia
A
- Perineum (genitoanal area)
- Superficial Perineal (Colles)
8
Q
Importance of the Scarpa Fascia becoming continuous with the Superficial Perineal Fascia:
A
This connection allows fluid to travel from the abdomen into the perineum
9
Q
Scarpa Fascia fuses with the ___ __, preventing abdominal fluid from traveling into the leg
A
Fascia Lata
10
Q
Deep Fascia
A
- Cover the anterior wall muscle layers
- Intimately associated with anterior wall muscle fascial layers
11
Q
Transversalis Fascia (Endoabdominal Fascia)
A
- Deepest layer of the abdominal wall
- Made up of membranous and areolar tissue that varies in thickness depending on location
12
Q
What separates the Transversalis Fascia from the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity?
A
Thin layer of fat (Extraperitoneal Fat)
13
Q
Parietal Peritoneum
A
- Serous lining of the abdominal cavity
- Two layers: Parietal, Visceral
14
Q
Parietal Layer of Parietal Peritoneum
A
- Located next to the Transversalis Fascia and the abdominal walls
- Innervated and vascularized by same supply as abdominal wall
15
Q
Visceral Layer of Parietal Peritoneum
A
- Covers abdominal organs
16
Q
What is between the Parietal and Visceral Layers of the Peritoneum?
A
A space with serous fluid
17
Q
External Oblique Muscle
A
- Paired muscle
- Largest and most external of the anterolateral abdominal muscles
- Majority of the fibers run in an inferomedial direction (down towards midline)
18
Q
External Oblique Muscle: Origin & Insertion
A
- Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
- Insertion: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior iliac crest
19
Q
External Oblique Muscle: Innervation
A
- Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-T11)
- Subcostal Nerve
20
Q
External Oblique Muscle: Action
A
- Compresses and supports abdominal organs
- Flexes and rotates the trunk
21
Q
External Oblique Aponeurosis
A
- Anterior tendinous aspect of external oblique muscles
- Right and left fuse together along the Linea Alba
- Create rectus sheath
22
Q
Linea Semilunaris
A
- Demarcates where the abdominal muscles transition to aponeurosis
- Located on the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle
23
Q
Linea Alba
A
- Where aponeurosis from the left and right abdominal muscles come together and interweave with each other forming a raphe
- Runs vertically along the midline of the body
- Separates the two rectus abdominis muscle bodies
24
Q
Inguinal Ligament (Poupart Ligament)
A
- Inferior, fibrous edge (aponeurosis) of the external oblique muscle folds under itself creating this ligament
- Runs between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle
- Located right below this ligament is the Subinguinal Space (hip flexors and neurovascular structures pass thru that space)
25
Internal Oblique Muscle
- Second muscle layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- Majority of fibers run in superolateral direction, opposite the external oblique fibers
26
Internal Oblique Aponeurosis
- Anterior tendinous aspect of the internal oblique muscles
- Right and left fuse together along the Linea Alba
- Creates rectus sheath
27
Inferiorly the Internal Oblique Aponeurosis fuses with the Transversus Abdominis Aponeurosis, creating the:
Conjoint Tendon
28
Internal Oblique Muscle: Origin & Insertion
- Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
- Insertion: Inferior portion of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pectin pubis (conjoint tendon)
29
Internal Oblique Muscle: Innervation
- Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T6-T11)
- Subcostal N
- Ilioinguinal N
- Iliohypogastric N
30
Internal Oblique Muscle: Action
- Compresses and supports abdominal organs
- Flexes and rotates the trunk
31
Formation of Cremaster Muscle
- Internal Oblique muscle fibers are pulled into the spermatic cord as male gonads travel outside the body, which leads to formation of this muscle
32
Function of Cremaster Muscle
Thermoregulation of testes
33
Innervation of Cremaster Muscle
Genital branch of Genitofemoral N
34
Conjoint Tendon (Inguinal Flax)
- Aponeurosis of the Internal Oblique Muscle and Transversus Abdominis Muscle fuse together before inserting on the Pectin Pubis and Pubic Crest
- Serves as a posterior boundary for the Inguinal Canal
35
Transversus Abdominis Muscle
- Deepest of the 3 anterolateral abdominal wall muscles
- Muscle fibers run mostly horizontally across the abdomen
- Between this muscle and the Internal Oblique muscle is a neurovascular pathway for the nerves and vessels to travel before piercing the surface
- Forms the Transversus Abdominis Aponeurosis near the Linea Semilunaris
36
Transversus Abdominis Muscle: Origin & Insertion
- Origin: Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral inguinal ligament
- Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, pectin pubis (conjoint tendon)
37
Transversus Abdominis Muscle: Innervation
- Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T6-T11)
- Subcostal N
- Ilioinguinal N
- Iliohypogastric N
38
Transversus Abdominis Muscle: Action
Compresses and supports abdominal organs
39
Rectus Abdominis Muscle
- Strap-like muscle that lies on either side of the anterior midline (Linea Alba), running vertically
- Muscle belly tapers as it moves inferiorly
- Surrounded by the rectus sheath (created by the aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis)
40
Rectus Abdominis Muscle: Origin & Insertion
- Origin: pubic symphysis, pubic crest
- Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
41
Rectus Abdominis Muscle: Innervation
- Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T6-T11)
- Subcostal N
42
Rectus Abdominis Muscle: Action
- Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae)
- Compresses abdominal contents
- Aids in pelvic stabilization
43
Tendinous Intersections
- Horizontal tendons amongst rectus abdominis muscle -- break it into smaller sections
- Create 6 pack appearance of muscle
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Tendinous Intersections fuse with the:
Anterior Rectus Sheath
45
Pyramidalis Muscle
- Small, triangular-shaped muscle lying anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle (under the rectus sheath)
- Runs from the pubic crest (widest point) and inserts into the Linea Alba
46
Pyramidalis Muscle: Action
Tenses the Linea Alba
47
Pyramidalis Muscle: Innervation
Subcostal Nerve
48
What structure is absent in 20% of the population?
Pyramidalis Muscle
49
Rectus Sheath
- Fibrous structure made out of the aponeuroses of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (external and internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles)
50
Rectus Sheath incompletely surrounds the:
- Rectus Abdominis
- Pyramidalis
- Superior & Inferior Epigastric vessels
- Lymphatics
- Distal portions of the Thoracoabdominal nerves
51
Above the Umbilicus, the External Oblique Aponeurosis is the:
- Most superficial to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle
- Creates outer layer of rectus sheath
52
Above the Umbilicus, the Internal Oblique Aponeurosis:
- Splits -- part of the aponeurosis is superficial to the Rectus abdominis muscle and the other part goes posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle
53
Above the Umbilicus, the Transversus Abdominis Muscle creates the:
Deepest part of the rectus sheath behind the rectus abdominis muscle
54
Arcuate Line
- Crescent shaped line that demarcates the switch in the pattern of how the rectus sheath is created
- Located below the umbilicus
55
Below the Arcuate Line, all anterolateral muscle aponeuroses move:
Anterior to the Rectus Abdominis
56
Below the Arcuate Line, the only thing posterior to the Rectus Abdominis is the:
Transversalis Fascia (the deepest layer of the abdominal wall before the peritoneum)
57
Is the abdominal wall more translucent above or below the Arcuate Line?
Wall is more translucent below the line than above the Arcuate Line
58
Psoas Major Muscle
- Long, thick muscle located lateral to the lumbar vertebrae
- Runs under the inguinal ligament to insert onto the femur (lesser trochanter)
- Joins with the Iliacus muscle to form the Iliopsoas muscle
- Lumbar plexus is intimately associated with this muscle
59
What nerve pierces the Psoas Major Muscle belly?
Genitofemoral Nerve
60
Psoas Major Muscle: Origin & Insertion
- Origin: T12, Lumbar vertebrae (body and transverse processes)
- Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of the femur
61
Psoas Major Muscle: Innervation
Muscular branches of Lumbar Plexus (L2-L4)
62
Psoas Major Muscle: Action
- Alone: Helps in laterally flexing the vertebral column, helps balance the trunk
- With the Iliacus: flexes the thigh
63
Psoas Minor Muscle
- Lies on top of the psoas major
- May not be present in all people
- Medial Arcuate Ligament of the diaphragm is located near its superior aspect
64
Psoas Minor Muscle: Origin & Insertion
- Origin: T12 and L1
- Insertion: Pubis's Iliopectineal eminence and Pectineal Line
65
Psoas Minor Muscle: Action
- Laterally flexes the vertebral column
- Balances the trunk
66
Psoas Minor Muscle: Innervation
Muscular branches of Lumbar Plexus (L1-L2)
67
Iliacus Muscle
- Triangular-shaped muscle on the lateral abdominal (upper pelvic) wall
- Runs with the Psoas Major out of the abdomen and inserts onto the femur
68
Iliacus Muscle: Origin & Insertion
- Origin: Superior Iliac Fossa, Sacrum, Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
- Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of the Femur, Femoral Shaft
69
Iliacus Muscle: Innervation
Femoral N
70
Iliacus Muscle: Action
- Flexes the thigh
- Stabilizes the hip joint
71
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
- Deep
- Runs lateral to the Psoas Major Muscule on the posterior abdominal wall
- Lateral Arcuate Ligament of the Diaphragm travels along its superior border
72
What nerves run along the anterior surface of the Quadratus Lumborum Muscle?
- Subcostal N
- Nerves from Lumbar Plexus (Ilioinguinal & Iliohypogastric)
73
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle: Origin & Insertion
- Origin: Inferior border of the 12th rib and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
- Insertion: Iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest
74
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle: Innvervation
- Subcostal N
- Muscular branches of Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4)
75
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle: Action
- Extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column
- Helps stabilize the 12th rib during inspiration
76
Diaphragm
- Domed muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
- Used for inspiration
- Right side rises slightly higher into the thoracic cavity due to the liver
- Periphery is marked by muscle fibers while its center is tendinous (central tendon)
77
Diaphragm: Innervation
- Phrenic N
- Thoracoabdominal N
- Subcostal N
78
Sternal Part of the Diaphragm
- Anterior aspect of the Diaphragm
- Attaches to the Xiphoid Process of the Sternum
- Not present in all people
79
Costal Part of the Diaphragm
- Anterolateral aspect of the diaphragm
- Attaches to the inferior 6 costal cartilages and ribs
- Can be divided into L and R
80
Lumbar Part (Crural Part) of Diaphragm
- Posterolateral aspect of the diaphragm
- Attaches to the Lumbar Vertebrae
- Gives rise to the Crura of the Diaphragm that attaches to the medial (psoas) and lateral (quadratus) arcuate ligaments
81
Right Crus of the Diaphragm
- Band of muscle and tendon arising from the first 3 or 4 lumbar vertebrae
- Fibers run around the esophagus (esophageal Hiatus) opening and the space for the aorta to pass (aortic hiatus)
82
Esophageal Hiatus
- Opening for the esophagus and vagal trunks to pass between the thoracic and abdominal cavities at the level of T10
- Right Crus wraps around forming this hole
83
Left Crus of the Diaphragm
- Band of muscle and tendon that arises from the first 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
- Smaller than the Right Crus
84
Aortic Hiatus
- Where the Aorta and thoracic duct pass between the thoracic and abdominal cavities (around T12)
- Diaphragm goes around this hiatus which ensures the diaphragm does not impact the aorta during breathing
85
Levels of the Diaphragmatic Openings
*I Ate Ten Eggs At 12*
- Inferior vena cava
- T8
- T10
- Esophagus
- Aorta
- T12
86
Level of Diaphragmatic Openings: Caval Hiatus
T8
87
Level of Diaphragmatic Openings: Esophageal Hiatus
T10
88
Level of Diaphragmatic Openings: Aortic Hiatus
T12
89
Central Tendon of the Diaphragm
- Aponeurosis of the diaphragm where the peripheral muscle fibers insert
- Caval opening is located towards the posterior aspect of the tendon (IVC and R Phrenic N pass thru here)
90
Median Arcuate Ligament
- Thickening of the diaphragm into a tendon that unites the L and R Crura
- Wraps around the aorta, helping to separate the aorta from the diaphragm (aortic hiatus)
91
Medial Arcuate Ligament
- Thickening of the Psoas Major Fascia into a tendon that passes around the Psoas Major Muscle lateral to the upper lumbar vertebrae
- Lumbar part of diaphragm attaches to it
92
Lateral Arcuate Ligament runs from the ___ ___ to the ___ ___ of the ___ ___ __
- 12th rib
- Transverse Process of the first lumbar vertebrae
93
Lateral Arcuate Ligament
- Thickening of the Quadratus Lumborum Fascia into a tendon that passes around the Quadratus Lumborum muscle
- Lumbar part of diaphragm attaches to it
94
Peritoneum
- Semipermeable, serous membrane (mesothelium) that lines the abdominal cavity
- Plays a role in immune defense
95
Peritoneum: Parietal Layer
- Lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall
- Innervated by pressure, localized pain, and temperature
96
Peritoneum: Visceral Layer
- Covers the abdominal organs
- Invests the viscera
- Supplied by the same neurovasculature as the organ it covers
- Innervated by stretch and chemical irritation
97
Between the Parietal and Visceral layers of the Peritoneum exists a:
Peritoneal fluid
- functions in lubricating the peritoneal surfaces and preventing against friction
98
Intraperitoneal Organ
Type of organ that has multiple surfaces covered by visceral peritoneum
99
Intraperitoneal Organ: Bare Area
- Space on an organ that is not covered by the peritoneum
- Area is where the neurovascular structures can enter and leave the organ
100
Retroperitoneal Organ
- Type of organ that only has one surface covered by the visceral peritoneum
- These organs are typically found along the posterior abdominal wall
101
List of Retroperitoneal Organs
*SAD PUCKER*
- Suprarenal glands
- Aorta and inferior vena cava
- Duodenum (not all portions)
- Pancreas (not all portions)
- Ureters
- Colon (ascending and descending)
- Kidneys
- Esophagus
- Rectum
102
Mesentery
- Infolding of the Peritoneum
- Created as an abdominal organ moved into the Peritoneal Cavity (these organs are considered intraperitoneal)
103
Mesentery contains:
- Neurovascular and Lymphatic supply for organ that was brought with it as it traveled away from body wall
104
3 Main Mesenteries
- Mesentery of Small Intestine (Mesentery Proper)
- Transverse Mesocolon
- Sigmoid Mesocolon
105
Lesser Omentum
Double-layer of Peritoneum that runs from the lesser curvature of the stomach (superior aspect) to the liver and duodenum
106
2 Ligaments of the Lesser Omentum
(1) Hepatogastric Ligament (Gastrohepatic Ligament)
(2) Hepatoduodenal Ligament
107
Hepatogastric (Gastroheptaic) Ligament
Double-layer of Peritoneum that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver (fissure of the ligamentum venosum)
108
The ___ vessels travel within the Hepatogastric Ligament
Gastric
109
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Double-layer of the Peritoneum that connects the liver to the proximal duodenum
110
The Hepatoduodenal Ligament is the free edge of the Lesser Omentum (Omentum Foramen) surrounding the:
- Proper Hepatic Artery
- Hepatic Portal Vein
- Bile Duct (Portal Triad)
111
Greater Omentum
- Apron-line structure attached to the greater curvature of the stomach (lower aspect)
- Descends in the abdomen and folds upon itself on its journey back superiorly
- Anchors to Transverse Colon (inferior to stomach)
- Because of the folding, it is made up of 4 layers of Peritoneum
112
3 Ligaments of Greater Omentum
(1) Gastrophrenic Ligament
(2) Gastrosplenic Ligament
(3) Gastrocolic Ligament
113
Gastrophrenic Ligament
Double-layer of peritoneum between the stomach (both the greater curvature and fundus of the stomach) and the inferior surface of the diaphragm
114
Gastrophrenic Ligament serves as a pathway for the:
Left Inferior Phrenic Vessels
115
Gastrosplenic Ligament
Double-layer peritoneum between greater curvature of stomach (lateral aspect) and hilum of spleen
116
Which vessels run through the Gastrosplenic Ligament?
Short Gastric and Left Gastroepoploic Vessels
117
Gastrocolic Ligament
Double-layer of peritoneum between the greater curvature of the stomach (inferior aspect) and the transverse colon, creating the apron-like appearance of the Greater Omentum
118
Which vessels are within the Gastrocolic Ligament?
Right and Left Gastroepiploic Vessels
119
What forms the anterior wall of the Lesser Sac?
Gastrocolic Ligament
120
Greater Sac
- Area of the peritoneal cavity that is comprised of almost the entire abdominal cavity that is outside of the lesser omentum and stomach
- Contains the Intraperitoneal organs
121
Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)
- Area that lies behind the stomach and lesser omentum
- Contains no organs
- Provides space for the stomach to move during digestion
122
Omental Foramen (Epiploic Foramen, Foramen of Winslow)
- Opening between the Lesser and Greater Sac
123
Boundaries of the Lesser Sac
(1) Superior
(2) Inferior
(3) Posterior
(4) Lateral
(5) Anterior
(1) Superior: Liver & Diaphragm
(2) Inferior: Greater Omentum & Transverse Mesocolon
(3) Posterior: Coronary Ligament of the Liver, Pancreas, L Suprarenal Gland and Kidney, IVC, & Aorta
(4) Lateral: Spleen
(5) Anterior: Lesser Omentum, Gastrocolic Ligamenet & Stomach
124
Boundaries of the Omental Foramen
(1) Superior
(2) Inferior
(3) Posterior
(4) Anterior
(1) Superior: Liver
(2) Duodenum
(3) Posterior: IVC & R Crus of the Diaphragm
(4) Anterior: Hepatoduodenal Ligament
125
Supracolic Space
- Located above the Transverse Mesocolon
- Contains the stomach, liver and spleen
126
Divisions within the Supracolic Space
- Right Subphrenic Space
- Left Subphrenic Space
- Subhepatic Space
127
Left Subphrenic Space contains:
Left lobe of the Liver and Spleen
128
Right Subphrenic Space contains:
Right lobe of the Liver
129
Subhepatic Space contains:
the area anterior to the stomach and lesser omentum
130
Hepatorenal Space (Morison Pouch)
- Located between the inferior Liver and Right Kidney
- Can fill with fluid or blood
131
Splenorenal Space (Koller Pouch)
Located between the Spleen and Left Kidney
132
Infracolic Space
- Area of the Greater Sac below the Transverse Mesocolon and behind the abdominal wall
- Contains the Small Intestine, and Ascending & Descending Colon
133
2 Divisions of the Infracolic Space
(1) Left Infracolic (Inframesocolic) Space
(2) Right Infracolic (Inframesocolic) Space
134
Paracolic Gutters
- Area that runs between the abdominal wall and the lateral aspect of the ascending and descending colon
- Provide a connection between the Supracolic and Infracolic Spaces, allowing peritoneal fluid (and infection) to travel around the Greater Sac
135
Issues such as infections can be contained a bit longer in the ___ Sac than if they occur in the ___ Sac
- Lesser
- Greater
136
Phrenicocolic Ligament connects what two organs?
Spleen to the Colon
137
The Right Paracolic Gutter allows more fluid flow due to the ___ ___ on the Left Paracolic Gutter.
Phrenicocolic Ligament
138
Umbilical Folds
- Near the umbilicus on the inside of the abdominal wall
- 5 folds of the Peritoneum that are related to the structures underneath them
139
Medial Umbilical Fold
- Unpaired fold of the Parietal Peritoneum
- Runs along midline on posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall (behind the Linea Alba), from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus
- Covers the Median Umbilical Ligament
140
Median Umbilical Ligament is remnants of the:
Urachus
141
Medial Umbilical Fold
- Paired folds
- Located to the Left and Right of the Median Fold
- Covers remnants of umbilical arteries
142
Lateral Umbilical Fold
- Paired folds
- Located the most lateral of the umbilical folds
- Covers the inferior epigastric arteries
143
Inferior Epigastric Arteries
- Travel anterior to Arcuate Line --> course towards superior epigastric arteries on posterior aspect of rectus abdominis
144
Peritoneal Fossae
- Depression located on the inferior aspect of the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall
145
3 Different Peritoneal Fossae
(1) Supravesical
(2) Medial Inguinal
(3) Lateral Inguinal
146
Supravesical Fossae
- Depression located between the median and medial umbilical folds
- Created as the peritoneum reflects on the surface of the bladder
- Essentially it is a gutter between the bladder and abdominal wall that changes in size based on fullness of bladder
147
Medial Inguinal Fossae (Inguinal Triangle, Hesselbach Triangle)
- Depression located between the medial and lateral umbilical folds
- Marks the location where the direct inguinal hernia can arise
148
Structure located Inferior to Medial Inguinal Fossae:
Inguinal Ligament
149
Structure located Medial to Medial Inguinal Fossae:
Rectus Abdominis
150
Structure located Lateral to Medial Inguinal Fossae:
Inferior Epigastric Vessels
151
Lateral Inguinal Fossae
- Depression located lateral to the lateral umbilical folds
- Associated with the deep inguinal ring (exit of the testicular vessels and ductus deferens in males, and round ligament of the uterus in females)
152
Where can an indirect Inguinal Hernia occur?
Lateral Inguinal Fossae
153
What is located medial to the Lateral Inguinal Fossae? Lateral?
- Medial: Inferior Epigastric Vessels
- Lateral: Pelvic Fossa
154
Falciform Ligament
- Reflection of the Peritoneum
- Located superior to the umbilicus
- Runs along the superior abdominal wall to the liver
- Covers the Round Ligament of the Liver (Ligamentum Teres) and Para-umbilical Veins
155
Round Ligament of the Liver is the fibrous remnant of the:
Umbilical Vein
156
Inguinal Canal
- Provides a path for reproductive and associated structures to enter and leave the abdominal cavity
- Runs in the inferomedial direction along the inferior aspect of the abdomen
157
In females, the ___ ___ of the __ is located within the Inguinal Canal
Round Ligament of the Uterus
158
In males, the ___ ___ is located within the Inguinal Canal
Spermatic Cord
159
Roof of the Inguinal Canal
- Transversalis Fascia
- Transversus Abdominis Muscle
- Internal Oblique Muscle
- External Oblique Muscle
160
Anterior Wall of the Inguinal Canal
- External Oblique Aponeurosis
161
Posterior Wall of the Inguinal Canal
- Transversalis Fascia
162
The posterior medial wall of the inguinal canal attaches to the:
Conjoint Tendon (fusion of the aponeuroses from the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles)
163
Anteroinferior Wall (Floor) of the Inguinal Canal
- Inguinal Ligament
- Lacunar Ligament
164
Inguinal Ligament
- Infolding of the external Oblique Muscle Aponeurosis
- Runs from the ASIS to the Pubic Tubercle
165
Posteriorinferior Wall (Floor) of the Inguinal Canal
- Iliopubic Tract (Transversalis Fascia)
166
Lacunar Ligament (Ligament of Gimbernat)
- Runs between the pubic ramus and the inguinal ligament (lateral crus), anchoring the ligament to the pubis
- Made up of eternal oblique aponeurosis
167
Pectineal Ligament (Ligament of Cooper)
Created by fibers from the Lacunar Ligament running along the Pectin Pubis
168
Iliopubic Tract
- Thickened margin of the Transversalis Fascia
- Runs parallel but deep to the inguinal ligament
169
Inguinal Rings
Openings of the Inguinal canal that allow the contents of the canal to enter and exit
170
Deep Inguinal Ring (Internal Inguinal Ring)
- Internal entrance to the inguinal canal found on the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall (lateral inguinal fossa)
- Located superior to the inguinal ligament and lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
- Transversalis Fascia runs into the canal helping to create this opening
171
Superficial Inguinal Ring (External Inguinal Ring)
- External opening of the inguinal canal created by the splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis
- Allows the spermatic cord (male) and round ligament of the uterus (female) to exit the body
172
Lateral Crus of the Superficial Inguinal Ring
- Fibers of the external oblique aponeurosis that form the lateral margin of the superficial inguinal ring
- Fibers attach to the pubic tubercle
173
Medial Crus of the Superficial Inguinal Ring
- Fibers of the external oblique aponeurosis that form the medial margin of the superficial inguinal ring
- Fibers attach to the pubic crest
174
Intercrural Fibers of the Superficial Inguinal Ring
- Fibers run across the superficial inguinal ring, connecting the medial and lateral crus
- Fibers help to keep the rings from spreading apart
