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DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy > Abdominal Contents > Flashcards

Abdominal Contents Flashcards

(112 cards)

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1
Q

What is contained in the foregut

A 
Abdominal esophagus 
Stomach 
Liver
1/2 duodenum 
Pancreas
Spleen 
Celiac artery
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2
Q

What is contained in the midgut

A 
1/2 duodenum 
Jejunum
Ileum
Proximal 1/2 colon 
Superior mesenteric artery
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3
Q

What is contained in the hind gut

A

Distal 1/2 colon

Inferior mesenteric artery

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4
Q

What is contained in the posterior abdominal cavity

A

Kidneys
Supradrenal glands
Neurovascular bundle

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5
Q

When does rotation of the gut happen

A

3rd month gestation

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6
Q

What happens in the rotation of the foregut

A

90 degrees rotation clockwise

L vagus plexus to anterior
R vagus plexus to posterior

Formation of lesser peritoneal sac

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7
Q

What happens with rotation of midgut

A

Rotates and elongates rapidly around superior mesenteric artery

270 degrees counterclockwise

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8
Q

What happens if midgut rotation stops at 180 degrees

A

Appendix is under liver and pain is around McBurney’s point

Splanchnic nerves are mixed

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9
Q

Does the hindgut rotate

A

No, just elongates slowly

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10
Q

What is the omentum ligament

A

Folding of visceral peritoneum

Greater= from greater curvature to transverse colon

Lesser= from lesser curvature to liver

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11
Q

What is the mesentery, mesocolon, ligament falciform

A

Folding of parietal peritoneum

Attach organs to abdominal wall and provide neuromuscular bundle

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12
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs

A

Organs that are completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum

Esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, appendix, transverse colon, cecum, sigmoid colon

MOBILE

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13
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs

A

Organs outside the parietal peritoneum

SAD PUCKER

ORGANS FIXED INTO LOCATION

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14
Q

What are secondary retroperitoneal organs

A

Some digestive organs are spinned out of visceral peritoneum

3/4 duodenum
Pancreas
Ascending and descending colon

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15
Q

What are the primary retroperitoneal organs

A

Other organs that originate outside of the peritoneal cavity

Distal rectum
Kidneys, ureters
Adrenal glands
Great vessels, IVC, AA
testes before descending
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16
Q

What is the one primary retroperitoneal organ that spins into intraperitoneal

A

Spleen

Bad temper in Chinese

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17
Q

What is the blueprint for the foregut

A 
Abdominal esophagus
Stomach 
Liver
 1/2 duodenum 
Pancreas 
Spleen
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18
Q

What is the blood supply for the foregut

A

Celiac trunk

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19
Q

What is the blueprint for the midgut

A 
1/2 duodenum 
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix 
Cecum 
Ascending colon 
2/3 transverse colon
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20
Q

What is the blood supply for midgut

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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21
Q

What is blueprint for hindgut

A 
1/3 transverse colon 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus
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22
Q

Blood supply for hindgut

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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23
Q

What is in the greater peritoneal sac

A

Intraperitoneal organs

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24
Q

What is in the lesser peritoneal sac

A

Empty

Recess bounced by greater and lesser omentum

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25
What is the omentum foramen
Connects greater and lesser sacs Forman of Winslow Contains hepatoduodendal ligament- hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
26
What are the branches of the celiac trunk
Splenic artery, common hepatic artery, L gastric artery
27
What are the branches of the splenic artery
Short gastric artery | L gastroepiploic artery
28
What are the branches of the common hepatic artery
Gastroduodendal artery R gastric artery, anastomosis along lesser curvature of stomach Hepatic artery proper
29
What are the branches of gastroduodenal artery
Supraduodendal artery Superior pancreaticoduodendal artery ant/post R gastroepiploic artery
30
What are the branches of hepatic artery proper
R/L hepatic artery Cystic artery from R hepatic artery
31
What are the sphincters in the esophagus
Gastroesophageal sphincter= internal/external sphincters
32
Thick circular smooth muscle
Internal esophageal sphincter
33
R/L crus of diaphragm
External esophageal sphincter
34
What is squamocolumnar junction
Transition from squamous cells (ectoderm) to columnar (endoderm)
35
What will the malfunction of the gastroesophageal sphincter result in
GERD
36
What is a fundus
Farthest part from the distal opening of a hollow organ
37
What is the blood supply of the lesser curvature of the stomach
Right gastric artery from common hepatic artery | Left gastric artery from celiac artery
38
What is the blood supply to the greater curvature of the stomach
Right gastro-omental/epiploic artery from gastroduodenal Left gastro-omental/epiploic artery from splenic artery
39
What is the blood supply to the fundus of the stomach
Short gastric arteries from splenic artery Trabecular branches
40
What is partial splenectomy
Reserve partial functions and support stomach
41
What is the function of the stomach
Digestion Intrinsic factor for B12 absorption Limited absorption for meds, alcohol, nicotine
42
Pathway for B12
Binding B12 Transport to ileum Crosses epithelium Releases B12 to blood to bind with transbalamin II
43
What is caused by a lack of B12 and who is most susceptible
Anemia and vegetarian
44
What are the lobes in the anterior liver and what separates them
R and L Falciform ligament
45
What are the lobes located posteriorly on the liver
Caudate and quadrate Medially to IVC and gallbladder
46
What is the falciform ligament
Parietal peritoneum fold sagittal plane Fixes liver to anterior abdominal wall
47
What are the coronary/L triangular ligaments
Parietal peritoneum fold coronal plane Fix liver to inferior surface of diaphragm
48
What is ligament teres
Inferior fold of falciform Remnant of umbilical vein to liver
49
What is ligament venosum
Posterior liver Remnant of ductus venous, connection of umbilical vein to IVC
50
What divides R and L lobes of the liver posteriorly
Falciform, ligament teres, ligament venosum, L triangular ligament
51
Function of liver
Nutrient storage Detoxification Secrete bile, drains to gallbladder
52
What artery supplies the liver
Common hepatic from celiac trunk Portal vein, drains into the liver
53
What vein drains the liver
Hepatic vein into IVC
54
Describe the bile storage of the gallbladder
Concentration of bile form the common hepatic duct leave organic components Digestion and absorption of lipids, cholesterol can form gallstones needing a cholecystectomy
55
What is the cystic duct
Merges with hepatic duct to continue as common bile duct
56
What is the blood supply to the gallbladder
Cystic artery from R hepatic artery
57
What is the innervation of the gallbladder
Visceral motor 30-80% of pop by R phrenic n If pain is around shoulder and back, probably from after ent visceral sensory n
58
What is the location of the pancreas
Behind and inferior to stomach
59
Function of pancreas
Endocrine- insulin and glucagon Exocrine- digestive enzymes
60
What is the blood supply of the pancreas
Abundant blood supply Pancreatic a -> Splenic artery from celiac trunk Sup. Pancreaticoduodendal a -> gastroduodenal a -> Common hepatic artery from celiac trunk Inf. Pancreaticoduodendal a -> Superior mesenteric artery
61
Describe development of spleen (not retro/intra)
Mesoderm derived Develops with endoderm derived stomach into peritoneal organ
62
Describe spleen
Intraperitoneal organ Not related to digestion Lateral to stomach
63
What is khers sign
Thin and easily lacerated, bleeding, referral pain on the L shoulder (diaphragm)
64
What arteries supply the spleen
Splenic artery from celiac trunk Trabecular artery gives out short gastric arteries
65
What veins drain the spleen
Splenic vein to portal vein
66
Function for spleen
Center for immune response Works with digestive system and bacteria Mesenteric lymph nodes and acquired immune cells
67
What is interesting about the spleen in some other animals
Not a separate organ Follows foregut longitudinally
68
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum
1- superior, pyloric canal to pyloric sphincter 2- descending, major and minor papilla for bile and digestive enzymes 3- horizontal 4- ascending, duodenojejunal junction
69
What is ligament treitz
Piece of diaphragm muscle from esophageal hiatus, R crus Suspending 3-4 duodenum
70
What is the arterial supply of the duodenum
Gastroduodenal artery from common hepatic artery Sup/inf post/ant pancreaticoduodenal arteries
71
Where do the veins of duodenum drain to
Superior mesenteric vein
72
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery
``` Middle colic Right colic Ileocolic Jejunal Ileal ```
73
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
Left colic Sigmoid Superior rectal artery
74
What might make appendectomy difficult to perform
Appendix can move around the mesoappendix Abnormal abdominal variations with rotation in embryonic development
75
What is the function of Jejunum and ileum
Digestion and absorption 5-10 cm long
76
What is the duodenojejunal flexures and ileocecal junction
Landmark for foregut and midgut Flexures suspended by ligament treitz Ileocecal junction has a valve
77
What are the differences between Jejunum and ileum
Jejunum= more folds less arteries Ileum= more arteries less folds
78
Where do the midgut and foregut lie
Midgut runs from ileocecal junction to 2/3 transverse colon Hindgut runs from distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anus 2 m total
79
What is the function of the colon
Limited absorption, water and salt symbiosis | Dehydrate digested food residues to stool
80
What is the pathology of the colon related to constipation
Constipation enlarges the colon and can compress the obturator n and induce inner thigh tingling and numbness
81
What are the Tenia coli
3 separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the colon
82
What is haustra
Segmentation of the colon wall, semilunar folds on the inside
83
What are the obstruction sites in the colon
Hepatic flexure- R side | Splenic flexure- L side
84
Describe the position of the kidneys
R is lower due to the liver Concave in the center, convex on both poles
85
What are the contents of the renal hilium
Renal artery, renal vein, renal pelvis
86
What are the functions of the kidneys
Urine production Electrolyte and water balance Regulate BP Hematopoiesis: cytokine erythropoietin
87
What artery supplies the kidneys
Renal artery R renal artery is posterior to IVC
88
What is a common pathology in relation to R renal artery
R renal artery is posterior to IVC increasing abdominal aortic aneurysm risk inferior to renal artery
89
What vein drains the kidneys
Renal vein to IVC
90
What is nutcracker syndrome
L renal vein is compressed between superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta
91
What is the nerve supply to the kidneys
Sympathetic fibers to blood vessels and smooth muscle Parasympathetic fibers to ureter for peristalsis of urine drainage into urinary bladder
92
What is the function of adrenal glands
``` Regulate metabolism BP Immune response Stress response Sexual hormones ```
93
What is the arterial supply to adrenal glands
Superior- inferior phrenic a Middle- aorta Inferior- renal artery
94
What is the venous drainage for adrenal glands
R- to IVC | L- renal vein
95
What anastomosis is between foregut and midgut
Superior and inferior pancreaticoduedendal
96
What anastomosis is between midgut and hindgut
Middle and left colic artery Water shed zone- less blood supply at splenic flexure
97
What anastomosis is between hindgut and pelvis
Superior rectal and middle/inferior rectal
98
What is the importance of anastomosis in abdomen
Bypass of atherosclerosis Abdomen can still get blood even with blockage
99
What veins drain back to the portal vein
Right gastric vein Splenic vein Superior mesenteric vein Inferior mesenteric vein
100
What is the importance of the digestive tract veins draining back to the liver portal system
Storage of nutrients and detoxification
101
What is the nerve innervation of foregut
Sympathetic- greater sphlanchnic n T5-9 Parasympathetic- vagus n
102
What is the innervation of midgut
Sympathetic- inconclusive Parasympathetic- vagus n to 2/3 transverse colon
103
What are the functions of visceral sensory system
Monitor stimuli: stretch, temp, chemicals, irritation Free nerve endings not myelinated Perception: hunger, nausea, fullness, pain
104
Describe enteric nervous system
Autonomous nervous system= plexus of enteric neurons, outnumbers spinal cord Like second brain, how vegetative bodies can still live and digest food
105
How to tell if back pain is kidney pain
Severe pain around Costovertebral angle Positive percussion test, high sensitivity, but low specificity
106
What is in the hepactoduodendal ligament
Hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct
107
From the esophagus to the anal canal, what are the four basic layers starting from the lumen
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externalis Serosa
108
Functions of lymphatic system
Transport excess tissue fluid to blood
109
What is the nerve innervation of the hindgut
Sympathetic- lumbar splanchnic n | Parasympathetic- pelvic splanchnic n
110
What structures does the superior gluteal artery run between
Lumbosacral trunk and S1
111
What structures does the inferior gluteal a runs between
S1 and S2
112
During portal hypertension, what is the back flow anastomosis?
Gastric/splenic v to esophageal v Rectal v to internal iliac v Epigastric v to IVC (paraumbilical can reopen with portal hypertension)

DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy (12 decks)

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