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DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy > Thoracic Skeleton and Lungs > Flashcards

Thoracic Skeleton and Lungs Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q
  1. Attachment for upper limb
  2. Protection and landmarks to underlying cavities
  3. Openings for communication
  4. Movement for respiration
A

Thoracic Skeleton

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2
Q

Ribs 1-7

Articulate directly with sternum

A

True ribs

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3
Q

Ribs 8-10

Attaches to the superior ribs costal cartilage

A

False ribs

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4
Q

Ribs 11/12

Not attached to anything

A

Floater ribs

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5
Q

Inferior border anterior thoracic wall
Attach to diaphragm and abdominals
Palpable landmark

A

Costal margin

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6
Q

Connects manubruim to the body of the sternum
Palpable landmark of 2nd rib
T4/T5 transverse section

A

Sternal angle

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7
Q

Which of the following joints connects the sternum and costal cartilage?

A. Costchondral
B. Costovertebral
C. Costotransverse
D. Sternocostal

A

D. Sternocostal

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8
Q 
Which of the following connects costal cartilage and ribs 1-10?
A. Costchondral
B. Costovertebral
C. Costotransverse
D. Sternocostal
A

Costchondral

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9
Q

What joint is the head of the rib to the vertebral body?

A. Costchondral
B. Costovertebral
C. Costotransverse
D. Sternocostal

A

Costovertebral

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10
Q

What joint connects the rib tubercle to the transverse process of the vertebrae?

A. Costchondral
B. Costovertebral
C. Costotransverse
D. Sternocostal

A

Costotransverse

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11
Q

What increases the elasticity of the rib cage and provides the structure with better movement?

A

Costal cartilage

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12
Q

If you are auscultating the R intercostal space, what valve is that?

A

Aortic valve

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13
Q

If you are auscultating the L 2nd intercostal space, what valve is that?

A

Pulmonic valve

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14
Q

Where does the superior thoracic aperture start?

A

1st rib
T1
jugular notch

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15
Q

What encloses the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

Diaphragm

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16
Q

What passageways run through the aperture’s for vital structures?

A

Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Thoracic aorta

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17
Q

What passageway runs inferior to superior through the apertures?
A. Inferior vena cava
B. Esophagus
C. Thoracic aorta

A

Inferior vena cava

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18
Q 
What passageways run superior to inferior through the apertures?
A. Esophagus and inferior vena cava
B. Inferior vena cava and thoracic aorta
C. Thoracic aorta and esophagus
D. All 3
A

Thoracic aorta and esophagus

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19
Q

What level and hiatus does the inferior vena cava and R phrenic nerve pass through?

A

T8 and cava opening/vena cava hiatus

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20
Q

What level and hiatus does the esophagus and vagus trunks pass through?

A

T10 and esophagus hiatus

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21
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus on T12 level?

A

Thoracic aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Sympathetic trunk

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22
Q

Inhalation or expiration

  1. Contraction of diaphragm (flattens)
  2. Ribs/sternum go up
  3. R/L domes descend inferiorly
  4. Increase thoracic diameter and volume
  5. Decrease pressure
A

Inhalation

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23
Q

Inhalation or expiration

  1. Relaxation of diaphragm (mountain)
  2. Ribs and sternum go down
  3. R/L domes ascend to resting position
  4. Decrease in thoracic diameter and volume
  5. Increase in pressure
A

Expiration

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24
Q 
If you are doing normal breathing, which muscles are active?
A. Diaphragm 
B. Sternocleidomastoid 
C. External obliques
D. Scalenes
A

Diaphragm

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25
``` If you are doing deep breathing, which of the following muscles would be active? A. Internal intercostals B. Recuts abdominus C. External intercostals D. External obliques ```
External intercostals
26
``` If you are blowing out candles, which of the following muscles would be active? A. External intercostals B. Internal intercostals C. Sternocleidomastoid D. Scalenes ```
Internal intercostals
27
1. Elevate ribs 2. External intercostals 3. Sternocleidomastoid 4. Diaphragm 5. Scalenes
Forced inhalation
28
1. Depress ribs 2. Internal intercostals 3. Recuts abdominus 4. External obliques 5. Diaphragm
Forced expiration
29
How do you name a rib?
Inferior costal facet of above vertebrae Superior costal facet of same # vertebrae Vertebrae # = to transverse process
30
What is the weakest point in a rib and possible injury if rib is fractured?
Anterior angle is weakest point Pneumothorax Lots of pain due to nerve being so close to rib
31
Muscles at the wall
``` Pec minor/major Serrated anterior Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes External obliques Recuts abdominus ```
32
Muscles that act on the wall
Transverse thoracis Subcostal External, internal, innermost intercostals
33
``` What muscles help with rib depression? A. Transverse thoracis B. Levatores costarum C. Subcostal D. A and C ```
Transverse thoracis and Subcostal
34
``` What muscles help with rib elevation? A. Transverse thoracis B. Levatores costarum C. Serratus posterior superior and inferior D. Both B and C ```
Levatores costarum and serratus posterior sup/inf
35
Inferior to superior rib | Depress rib during ACTIVE expiration
Internal intercostals
36
Superior to inferior rib | Elevate rib during ACTIVE inspiration
External intercostals
37
Mostly found along lateral section of thoracic wall | V.A.N between layers
Innermost intercostals
38
``` Which of the following pleura is for the intercostals? A. Mediastinal B. Diaphragmatic C. Costal D. Visceral ```
Costal
39
``` Which of the following pleura is for the mediastinum? A. Mediastinal B. Diaphragmatic C. Costal D. Visceral ```
Mediastinal
40
``` Which of the following pleura is for the diaphragm? A. Mediastinal B. Diaphragmatic C. Costal D. Visceral ```
Diaphragmatic
41
``` Which of the following pleura is for the lining of the lung? A. Mediastinal B. Diaphragmatic C. Costal D. Visceral ```
Visceral
42
Motor: intercostals, subcostal, transverse thoracis Sensory: costal pleura and skin Carry sympathetic innervations
Intercostal nerve T1-11 | Subcostal nerve T12
43
Motor: diaphragm Sensory: pericardium, mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura
Phrenic nerve C3-5
44
Thoracic aorta gives off to the posterior intercostal arteries T3-11 and Subcostal arteries T12
Posterior arteries
45
Subclavian artery gives off to two branches. 1. Internal thoracic artery which gives off to anterior intercostal artery. 2. Costocervical trunk which gives off to the 1st/2nd posterior intercostal arteries.
Anterior arteries
46
From inferior to superior, the Anterior intercostal vein gives off to internal thoracic vein that gives off to the brachiocephalic vein.
Anterior veins
47
The superior vena cava can receive blood from two pathways. 1. The azygos vein which relieves blood from the posterior intercostal veins and hemi-azygos veins. 2. The brachiocephalic vein receives blood from the posterior intercostal veins.
Posterior veins
48
Sternum to tubercle of ribs | Replaces muscle fibers to the vertebral body posteriorly
Internal intercostal membrane
49
Vertebral body to costal cartilage | Replaces muscle fibers anteriorly
External intercostal membrane
50
What is the space created by the reflections of the parietal pleura called
Called a recess | Lungs do not completely fill space
51
What is the costophrenic angle?
Extreme outermost lower corner of each lung where diaphragm meets ribs Recess
52
What is pleural effusion
Fluid in the pleural recess prevents lung from expanding
53
How lobes and fissures does the right long have?
3 lobes: superior, middle, inferior | 2 fissures: horizontal and oblique
54
How many lobes and fissures does the left lung have
2 lobes: superior and inferior | 1 fissure: oblique
55
What immersions are on each lung
R lung- esophagus, azygos vein, some cardiac notch | L lung- aortic and most cardiac notch
56
What is the lingula
Tongue like projection off L lung
57
What is the hilum
The doorway structure of lung when dissected Root of lung is when lungs are still connected to structures
58
What makes up the root of the lung
Pulmonary artery/veins and primary bronchus
59
How do you describe the position of the pulmonary artery related to the bronchus
Right Anterior Left Superior RALS
60
What is the function of the cartilage of the trachea
Maintains airway Ring like Keeps it open
61
Trachea bifurcates at what spinal level
Anteriorly- T2/sternal level | Posteriorly- T4-5
62
Trachea is lined with
Smooth muscle and secretory glands
63
Order of bronchi
Trachea Primary/main Secondary/lobar Tertiary/segmental
64
Bronchioles bifurcate into
Alveolar sacs and ducts Help with gas exchange Made of thin endothelial tissue
65
Blood supply from lung structures come from
Bronchial arteries branching from descending aorta Drain back into azygos veins
66
Where can we see bronchial arteries
Hilum on mediastinal surface
67
BronchodilatIon Inhibits secretion Pulmonary plexus “Dilated and dry”
Sympathetic nervous system airways
68
Bronchoconstriction Activates secretion Vagus nerve Constricted and congested
Parasympathetic nervous system airways
69
Which bronchus us wider, shorter, and steep?
R Goes to the R inferior lobe

DPT 701: Clincal Anatomy (12 decks)

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