Eye, Ear, and Nose Flashcards by Caitlyn Griffin

what comes through the supraorbital foramen/notch

supraorbital n- V1 terminal branch

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what comes through the optic canal

optic n and ophthalmic a

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what comes through the superior orbital fissure

CN V1, CN III, CN IV, CN VI, blood vessels

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what comes through the ethmoidal formanina

ethmoidal n and arteries

nasocilary, V1 branch

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what comes through the nasolacrimal canal

nasolacrimal duct- drainage of tear

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what comes through the inferior orbital fissure

venous plexus

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what are the function of the lacrymal apparatus

tear production- moisture of the eye and emotional expression

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what is the process of drainage of tears

tear flows inferomedial across eye to lacrimal canaliculi to nasolacrimal duct

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what is the sympathetic innervation for the lacrymal apparatus

postganglionic axon from superior cervical ganglion to form deep petrosal n

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what is the parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal apparatus

presynaptic axon form CN VII to form greater petrosal n

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describe the sclera

outer layer

white dense capsule of eyeball

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describe the cornea

outer layer

clear dense capsule for light passing through

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describe the choroid

blood vessel plexus

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describe the retina

sensory collection

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what is the iris

pupil

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what does the iris contain

pupillary light reflex

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what is the ciliary body

lens

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what other structures can be found in the eye orbit

neurovascular structures
permanent fat
extraocular/extraorbital muscle- eyelid

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what provides somatosensory of orbit

opthalmic n V1 from CN V breaks down into:
nasociliary n
frontal n
lacrimal n

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what does the frontal n from the orbit break down into

ciliary n
supratrochlear n
supraorbital n

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what is the blood supply of the eye and its branches

opthalmic a:
central retinal a
ciliary a
supraorbital a
ethmoidal a
lacrimal a

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what is the blood supply for the ciliary body

ciliary a

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what is the blood supply for the scalp and eyelid

supraorbital a

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what is the blood supply for the inner vitreous body

central retinal a

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what is the blood supply to the lacrimal gland

lacrimal a

what is the sympathetic innervation of the eyeball

superior cervical ganglion -> ciliary n

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the eyeball

CNIII to form ciliary ganglion

what is the sympathetic function of the iris

dilate pupil

what is the parasympathetic function of the iris

constrict the pupil - pupillary light reflex

what is horner's syndrome

sympathetic nonfunctional (ciliary n) constricted pupil eyelid ptosis no sweating on affected side

what muscle is affected for Bell's palsy

orbicularis oculi

what muscle is affected with a full ptosis

levator palpebrae superioris

what is the superior tarsal muscle

helps open the eye when excited | smooth muscle

what is the sympathetic innervation of the superior tarsal muscle

superior cervical ganglion

what muscle is affected with Horner's syndrome, partial ptosis

superior tarsal muscle

what is estropia

adducted eyeballs- convergence

what is exotropia

abducted eyeballs- divergence

what is hypertropia

elevated eyeballs

what is hypotropia

depressed eyeballs

what is the external ear

auricle to tympanic membrane

what is the middle ear

tympanic cavity | tympanic membrane to vestibulocochlear organs

what connects middle ear to oropharynx

pharyngotympanic tube/eustachian tube

what is the inner ear

vestibulocochlear organs to internal acoustic meatus

what is the sensory innervation of the auricle of the ear

CN V= tip of ear C2= posteroinferior and anterior CN X= center CN VII/IX and X= posterior auditory canal

what is the sensory innervation for the external acoustic meatus

V3, CN VII/IX, X

what is the sensory innervation for the middle ear

CN IX for mucosal membrane

what is in the anterior middle ear

``` internal carotid a fibers from superior cervical ganglia chorda tympani pharyngotympanic tube lesser petrosal n ```

what is in the lateral middle ear

tympanic membrane malleus tensor tympani muscle (CN V)

what is in the medial middle ear

promontory with tympanic plexus which has the lesser petrosal n that gives off the otic ganglion for the parotid gland oval and round window posterior canal of vestibular system facial n

what is in the roof of middle ear

temporal bone

what is in the posterior middle ear

mastoid sinus facial n- gives off nerve to stapedius and stapedius muscle, also gives off chorda tympani to innervate the submandibular ganglion for salivary glands

what is the floor of the middle ear

internal jugular vein

what exits the jugular foramen

``` tympanic n stylopharyngeal n carotid sinus lingual branches communicating branches to vagus n ```

what nerve from the otic ganglion gives off the tympanic n

Lesser petrosal n

what nerve innervates the stylopharngeal muscle

stylopharyngeal n

what are the functions of the carotid sinus

barometer- bifurcation of common carotid a | SaO2- chemical sensation

what are the functions of the lingual branches

chemical sensation- taste post 1/3 tongue visceral sensory for pharynx and mucosal glands somatic sensory- post 1/3 tongue

what nerve innervates tensor tympani

tensor tympani n CN V3

what is the function of tensor tympani

tensing tympanic membrane, decrease vibration thus dampening chewing noise **coordinates with mastication muscles

what is the nerve innervation for the stapedius muscle

nerve to stapedius CN VII

what is the function of stapedius

dampening vibrations passed to the cochlea via oval window

what is hyperacusis

disorder in loudness percception

what is otolith organs (macula)

calcium carbonate crystals utricle- horizontal linear acceleration saccule- vertical linear acceleration

what are the semicircular canals

90 degrees of each other in 3D distribution filled with lymph anterior-45 degrees to mid-sagittal plane posterior- aligned with auricle horizontal whole system tilted 30 degrees upwards

what are the crista

cupula- stimuli detection organs, block other canals

what does the superior vestibular n innervate

utricle, anterior and horizontal semicircular canal

what does the inferior vestibular n innervate

saccule and posterior semicircular canal

what is the blood supply for the vestibular system

vertebral merges to basilar AICA ant and post vestibular a from AICA follow sup and inf vestibular n

what is the vestibulo-ocular reflex

head movement to one direction, eyes to another stabilize vision driving, head wabbly but stable gaze

what is the vestibulocollic reflex

neck muscles contract and relax according to head position

what is the vestibulospinal reflex

maintain upright posture

boundaries of nasal cavity

lateral- irregular medial- nasal septum roof- narrow: frontal, ethmoidal and sphenoidal

Eye, Ear, and Nose Flashcards

(72 cards)