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Anatomy > Abdominal Organs > Flashcards

Abdominal Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Foregut is supplied by

A

Celiac trunk

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2
Q

Foregut contains

A 
Abdominal esophagus
Stomach
Proximal duodenum
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
And spleen
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3
Q

Spleen important to know with peritoneal stuff

A

It is not a gut derivative

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4
Q

Abdominal esophagus

Peritoneal

A

Intraperioneal

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5
Q

Abdominal esophagus

A

Hollow muscular tube that transmits food from pharynx to stomach

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6
Q

Abdominal esophagus comes through

A

The esophageal hiatus/right crus

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7
Q

Esophagogastric junction

A

Where esophagus meets stomach
Functions as external physiological sphincter when diaphragm contracts
Food temporarily stops here before entering stomach
Helps prevent gastric reflux into esophagus

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8
Q

Phrenico-esophageal ligaments

A

Permit independent movement of diaphragm and esophagus

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9
Q

Gastro-esophageal reflux disorder (GERD)

A

“Heartburn”
Regurgitation of gastric acids into esophagus
Failure of external esophageal sphincter

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10
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of stomach/esophagus through hiatus

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11
Q

Para-esophageal hiatal hernia

A

Less common
Little regurgitation of gastric acids
Z line is still in same spot

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12
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia

A

More common
Likely regurgitation of gastric acids
Displaced z line
More serious/discomfort

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13
Q

Stomach parts

A

Cardia
Fund us
Body
Pyloric part

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14
Q

Pyloric part of the stomach included

A

Angular notch
Pyloric antrum and canal
Pyloric sphincter

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15
Q

Stomach peritoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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16
Q

Inside stomach

A

Mucosa organized into temporary longitudinal folds called rugae

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17
Q

Cell type of stomach lining

A

Simple columnar

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18
Q

Gastric ulcers

A

H pylori
Erodes protective mucosa
Vulnerable to gastric acids and digestive enzymes
Can erode through wall - risk of lethal hemorrhage

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19
Q

Duodenum parts

A

Superior
Descending
Horizontal/ inferior
Ascending

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20
Q

Minor duodenal papilla

A

Accessory pancreatic duct

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21
Q

Major duodenal papilla

A

Bile and main pancreatic duct

Division between foregut and midgut

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22
Q

Ascending duodenum

A

Midgut
Joins jejunum at duodenojejunal flexure
Contraction widens angle at flexure to aid in movement of contents

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23
Q

Pancreas parts

A

Head and uncinate process
Neck
Body
Tail

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24
Q

Main pancreatic duct

A

From tail to head

Joins bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla at major duodenal papilla

25
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Single bubble sign
Projectile vomiting
Hypertrophy in pylorus
Narrows pyloric canal and restricts gastric emptying

26
Q

Duodenal atresia

A

Double bubble sign
Dilation of stomach and duodenum
Vomit is bilious
Closure of duodenojejunal junction. (Overproduction of amniotic fluid, down’s syndrome)

27
Q

Caudate lobe

A

Postero - superior

28
Q

Quadrate lobe

A

Anterior-inferior lobe

29
Q

Functional/ portal lobes

A

Divided by arterial supple
Each lobe has own branch of hepatic artery, portal vein, hepatic duct
8 surgically respectable hepatic segments

30
Q

Portal venous system

A

System of vessels that drain blood from abdominal viscera to the liver.
Portal vein passes blood through 2nd capillary network (liver sinusoids) before reaching systemic circulation
Maintains a higher bp than IVC

31
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Formed from superior mesenteric v and splenic v.

Hepatic veins take blood from liver and return it to general circulation

32
Q

Portal caval anastomoses

A

Collateral pathways to systemic circuit when blocked

33
Q

How are portal caval anastomoses possible

A

Possible since hepatic portal vein and tributaries lack valves
Blood can flow in reverse direction to IVC

34
Q

Cirrhosis of the liver

A

Replacement of cells by fat and fibrous tissue
Hobnail appearance - fibrous formation. Firm
Obstructs circulation
Hepatocytes unable to break down blood products, increase in bilirubin, jaundice
Buildup of toxins worsens by portosystemic shunts that bypass liver
Portal hypertension

35
Q

Portal caval anastomoses
Collateral pathways
Left gastric>

A

Esophageal v

36
Q

Portal caval anastomoses
Collateral pathways
Paraumbilical >

A

Epigastric

37
Q

Portal caval anastomoses
Collateral pathways
Superior rectal

A

Middle and inferior rectal

38
Q

Portal caval anastomoses
Collateral pathways
Colic

A

Retroperitoneal

39
Q

Portal caval anastomoses
Resultant varies
Inferior esophageal

A

Esophageal varices

40
Q

Portal caval anastomoses
Resultant varices
Periumbilical regions

A

Caput medusae

41
Q

Portal caval anastomoses
Resultant varices
Anal canal

A

Hemorrhoids

42
Q

Portal caval anastomoses
Resultant varices
Secondary retroperitoneal

A

Ascites

43
Q

Clinical signs of portocaval anastomoses

A

Esophageal varices
Caput medusae
Hemorrhoids
Ascites

44
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores and concentrate bile

45
Q

Gall bladder sphincter

A

Sphincter of bile duct prevents bile from entering ampulla. Closes off bile> goes back up.
Bile passes upward along cystic duct to gallbladder for concentration and storage

46
Q

Gallstones

A

Cholesterol crystals

Big enough to obstruct a duct, accumulation of bile or inflammation of the gallbladder

47
Q

Cholecystoenteric fistula

A

If gallbladder is inflamed may develop adhesions with adj viscera
May ulcerate tissue between gallbladder and GI tract
Mainly in duodenum and transverse colon

48
Q

Cystohepatic triangle of calot

A

Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Liver

49
Q

Porcelain gallbladder

A

Chronic cholelithiasis can lead to scarring and calcification of wall

50
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the foregut

A

Presynaptic fibers t5-t9 enter sympathetic chain
Do not synapse
Exit chain as greater splanchnic nerves
Synapse with celiac ganglion
Post synaptic fibers travel to organs via plexuses surrounding arterial branches that supply those organs

51
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the foregut

A

Vagus nerve CNX

52
Q

Celiac trunk branches

A

Splenic a
Left gastric a
Common hepatic a

53
Q

Splenic a branches into

A

Pancreatic branches
Left gastroomental a
Short gastric aa

54
Q

Left gastric a branches into

A

Esophageal branches

55
Q

Common hepatic artery branches into

A

Hepatic artery proper
Gastrodudenal a
Right gastric a

56
Q

Hepatic artery proper branches into

A

Left and right hepatic a

57
Q

Right hepatic a turns into

A

Cystic a

58
Q

Gastrodudenal a branches into

A

Right gastro omental a
Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticduodenal aa
Duodenal branches

Anatomy (12 decks)

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