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Anatomy > Back muscles > Flashcards

Back muscles Flashcards

1
Q

suboccipital muscles function

A

extend head and neck
rotate to same side
laterally flex

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2
Q

what innervates the intrinsic group

A

segmental supply via posterior rami of spinal nn

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3
Q

what are the functions of the cruciate ligaments

A

prevent posterior displacement of dens and anterior placement of atlas

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4
Q

what is the ligamentum flavum

A

on adjacent lamina (posterior vertebral canal)
well developed in thoracolumbar region
weakest in mid cervical region

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5
Q

greater occipital nerve

A

posterior rami of c2
inferior to obliquus capitis inferior
penetrates semispinalis capitis
skin of posterior scalp

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6
Q

interspinales

A

extension

between spinous processes

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7
Q

transversospinalese

A 
transverse processes to spinous processes / occipital
semispinals
multifidus
rotatores
extends head and spine
rotates contralaterally
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8
Q

what does the posterior longitudinal ligament do

A

weakly resists hyperflexion

helps prevent/ redirect herniation

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9
Q

what muscles are in the intrinsic group

A

spinotransversales
erector spinae
transversospinales

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10
Q

what is the interspinous ligament

A

adjacent spinous processes

relatively weak and membranous

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11
Q

what does the ligamentum flavum do

A

limits flexion

prevents separation of laminae

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12
Q

what is the function of the superficial extrinsic back muscle group

A

motor to limb

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13
Q

multifidus

A

2-4 segments

sacrum to c2

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14
Q

what are the superficial extrinsic back muscle group

A 
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomoid minor
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15
Q

what innervates the serratus posterior muscles

A

anterior rami of the intercostal nn (attach to ribs)

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16
Q

suboccipital muscles innervated by

A

c1 suboccipital nerve

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17
Q

what is the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

strong fibrous band on the anterior aspect of vertebral bodies and ivd
c1 to sacrum but well developed in the lordotic regions

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18
Q

suboccipital nerve need to know

A

posterior rami of c1
motor to ALL suboccipital muscles
only cervical spinal nerve with NO cutaneous distribution

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19
Q

what innervates the suboccipital muscles

A

c1- suboccipital nerve

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20
Q

3rd (least) occipital nerve

A

posterior rami of c3

skin of posterior scalp - region of posterior occipital protuberance

21
Q

intertransversarii

A

lateral flexion

between transverse processes

22
Q

what are the functions of the alar ligaments

A

prevent excessive rotation

23
Q

suboccipital triangle contents

A

vertebral artery

suboccipital nerve c1

24
Q

lesser occipital nerve

A

anterior rami of c2

posterolateral scalp inferior to ears

25
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

tips of adjacent spinous processes
c7-sacrum
merges with nuchal ligament

26
Q

why does the supraspinous ligament start at c7

A

the rest of the cervical spinous processes are short. so the nuchal ligament is used for muscle attachment

27
Q

why is the anterior longitudinal ligament well developed in the lordotic regions

A

restricts hyper extension

28
Q

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament do

A

restricts hyperextension

29
Q

what are the functions of the ligaments of the vertebral column

A

help strengthen joints

limit vertebral movements

30
Q

spinotransversales names

A

splenius cervicis and capitis

31
Q

what innervates the superficial extrinsic back muscle group

A

anterior rami of cervical spina lnerves (except trapezius)

32
Q

splenius cervicis and capitis locations

A

spinous processes to transverse processes

33
Q

what are the functions of the intrinsic group

A

movements of the vertebral column

maintaining erect posture

34
Q

intrinsic deep segmental back muscles

A

interspinales
intertransversarii
levatores costarum
adjacent or subadjacent vertebrae / ribs

35
Q

semispinalis

A

4-6 segments head

36
Q

nuchal ligament

A

median band of fibroelastic tissue
skull to tips of cervical spinous processes
attachment for nuchal muscle since cervical processes are short

37
Q

what is the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

narrow weaker band
posterior aspect of bodies and ivd
c2 to sacrum
less developed in lumbar region

38
Q

where are the alar ligaments

A

hold the dens to the foramen magnum

39
Q

what are the cruciate ligaments of the atlas

A

transverse ligament of the atlas
superior longitudinal band
inferior longitudinal band

40
Q

what is the function of the serratus posterior muscles

A

proprioception

41
Q

rotatores

A

1-2 segments

42
Q

what muscles are in the intermediate extrinsic group

A

serratus posterior superior c7-t3

serratus posterior inferiort11-l2/3

43
Q

suboccipital triangle boundaries

A

rectus capitis posterior major

obliquus capitis superior and inferior

44
Q

levatores costarum

A

slight extension
lateral flexion
contrallateral rotation
transverse processes to ribs

45
Q

which cervical nerve has no cutaneous distribution

A

c1- suboccipital nerve

46
Q

splenus cervicis and capitis function

A

extend neck
laterally flex
ipsilateral rotation

47
Q

erector spinae functions

A

extends

laterally flexes

48
Q

suboccipital muscles

A

rectus capitis posterior major and minor

obliquus capitis superior and inferior

49
Q

erector spinae

A

spinous processes to ribs
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

Anatomy (12 decks)

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