Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Boundaries of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

Thoracic
Abdominal

Roof, bidomed diaphragm
Walls, anterior and posterior muscles
Floor, Pelvic floor, continuous w abdominal cavity/inlet, lines up with top of sacrum

Question 2

Surface anatomy of the abdomen

Answer 2

Diaphragm, dome above costal margin
Top of hips, iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine joined to pubic tubercle via inguinal ligament

Question 3

Subdivisions of the abdomen

Answer 3

Right hyperchondriac, Epigastric, Left hyperchondriac
Right lumbar, Umbilicus, Left lumbar
Right iliac, Superopubic, Left iliac

Question 4

Planes of the abdomen

Answer 4

Transpyloric plane (L1)
Subcostal plane (L3)
Paraumbilical plane (L3/4)
Transtubercular plane (L5)

Question 5

General plane structure of abdomen

Answer 5

Skin
Campers fascia
Sharpers fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Transversals fascia
Peritoneum

Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum

Question 6

Fascias of the abdomen

Answer 6

Campers
Scarpers
Lumbar
Transversalis

Question 7

Campers fascia

Answer 7

Superficial fatty layer

Question 8

Scarpers fascia

Answer 8

Deep to Campers fascia

Tough membranous layer

Question 9

Lumbar fascia

Answer 9

Binds deep back muscle to spine of transverse process of vertebrae

Question 10

Transversalis fascia

Answer 10

Aponeurotic membrane between inner surface of transversus abdomens and parietal peritoneum

Question 11

Superficial veins of the abdomen

Answer 11

Axillary vein
Lateral thoracic vein
Thoracoepigastic vein
Paraumbilical vein
Superficial epigastric
Femoral vein

Question 12

Lymph nodes of the abdomen

Answer 12

Axillary
Superficial inguinal
Superficial subinguinal

Question 13

Anterior abdominal wall muscles

Answer 13

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

Question 14

Rectus abdominis

• attachment
• fibre direction
• function
• innervation

Answer 14

Attachment => CC5-7 and xiphisternum to pubic crest

Fibres split by the linea alba and tendinous intersections

Function => abdomen compression, pelvic stabiliser

Innervation => T7-T12

Question 15

External oblique

• attachemnt
• fibre direction
• function
• innervation

Answer 15

Attachment => R5-12, iliac crest, pubic tubercle

Fibre direction => inferiomedial

Function => contralateral rotation and flexion anteriorly

Innervation =>T7-T12

Question 16

Internal oblique

• attachement
• fibre direction
• function
• innervation

Answer 16

Attachment => R10-12, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

Fibre direction => inferolateral

Function (bilateral) => abdomen compression

Function (unilateral) => ipsilateral rotation

Innervation => T7-L1

Question 17

Tranversus abdominis

• attachment
• fibre direction
• function
• innervation

Answer 17

Attachment => CC7-12, xiphisternum, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

Fibre direction => transverse

Function => abdomen compression

Innervation => T7-L1

Question 18

The rectus sheath above arcuate line

Answer 18

Skin
Campers
Scarpers
External oblique (above rectus abdominis)
Internal oblique (above and below rectus abdominis)
Transversus abdominis (below rectus abdominis)
Transversalis fascia

Question 19

The rectus sheath below arcuate line

Answer 19

Skin
Campers
Scarpers
External oblique (above rectus abdominis)
Internal oblique (above rectus abdominis)
Transversus abdominis (above rectus abdominis)
Transversalis fascia

Question 20

The rectus sheath and blood vessels

Answer 20

Blood vessels pass under arcuate line to each muscle under the aponeurotic tendon

External iliac comes up to form inferior epigastric artery, joins with superior epigastric

Question 21

Cutaneous nerves

Answer 21

Lateral cutaneous branches of T7-T12
Anterior cutaneous branches of T7-T12
L1

Question 22

Blood supply of abdominal wall

Answer 22

Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery

Musculophrenic artery (diaphragm)
Anterior intercostal arteries
Internal thoracic artery (under the sternum)