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Functional Anatomy and Embryology > CNS and PNS > Flashcards

CNS and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

Definition of peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory and motor neurones, axons, ganglia, supporting cells

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3
Q

Definition of ganglion

A

Nerve cell bodies of neurons lying outside CNS, collected into groups

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4
Q

Definition of nervous system

A

Orderly arrangement of neurons and associated cells
Control, adjust activities of systems
Sensory, motor neurones link CNS to peripheral structrues

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5
Q

Definition of multipolar neurone

A

Has a cell body, many highly branched dendrocytes

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6
Q

Definition of neuroglia cells

A

Non nervous support cells within CNS, each gas specific function

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7
Q

Definition of somatic nerves

A

Supply body wall, skeletal muscle, skin, contains motor, sensory fibres

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8
Q

Definition of autonomic nerves

A

Supply internal organs with motor (smooth), sensory fibres

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9
Q

Definition of spinal nerves

A

Mixed nerve, carried motor, sensory, ANS signals between spinal chord and body
31 pairs of spinal nerves

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10
Q

Definition of dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by fibres from single nerve root

Associated with a specific nerve root

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11
Q

Definition of peripheral nerve

A

Made up of fibres from different nerve roots

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12
Q

Definition of myotome

A

Group of muscles that a single spinal nerve innervated

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13
Q

Definition of nerve plexus

A

Branching network of fibres

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14
Q

The nervous system function

A

Orderly arrangement of neurons and associated cells
Controls, adjusts activities of systems
Sensory, motor neurones link CNS to periphery

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15
Q

Primary divisions of nervous system

A

CNS, brain, spinal chord

PNS, axons, ganglia, supporting cells

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16
Q

Components of neural tissue

A

Neurons, transmit impulses along cell membranes

Support cells, regulate tissue fluid, bring nutrients

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17
Q

Properties of neurons

A 
No capacity for cell division
Limited repair capacity
Vary in length, mm-m
Many RER for protein synthesis
Multipolar neuron, has cell body and many dendrocytes
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18
Q

Types of dendritic processes, synapses

A

Many different types of synapses, can be inhibitory/excitatory

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19
Q

Support cells

A 
Neuroglia cells, non nervous support cells in CNS
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
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20
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

Maintain blood brain barrier
Contain microfilaments, gives structural strength to CNS
Stabilise structure after injury, produce scar tissue
Direct neural growth during development
Control interstitial environment, recycle neurotrasmitters

21
Q

Description of astrocytes

A

Processes in contact with neurons and capillary walls

22
Q

Function of microglia

A

Similar to macrophages and monocytes, just in brain

Many cytoplasmic processes

23
Q

Function of ependymal cells

A

Line chambers, CNS pathways

Filled w CSF, monitor it

24
Q

Description of ependymal cells

A

Branching processes, contact other glial cells

25
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes

A

Processes in contact with axons, either
Wrap them together
Form myelin to improve conducting velocity of axons

26
Q

Neuroglia cells of PNS

A

Cell bodies in ganglia, supported by satellite cells
Axons supported by Schwann cells, either
Myelinated sections
Several axons enclosed in cell

27
Q

Ganglia

A

Nerve bodies of neurons which lie outside CNS collated into ganglion, supported by satellite cells

28
Q

Properties of sensory ganglia

A

No synapses
Pseudounipolar
Postganglionic axons are myelinated

29
Q

Properties of motor ganglia

A

ANS controlled, multipolar
Unmyelinated
Preganglionic axon mostly myelinated
Post ganglionic axon unmyelinated

30
Q

What supports and protects the brain and spinal chord

A

Bony cranium
Cerebral column
Meninges

31
Q

How is the brain and spinal chord protected

A

Rigid barrier between internal, external environment

32
Q

Structure of the meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

33
Q

Properties and function of dura mater

A

2 layered structure, outer periosteal layer lines cranial cavity
Folds in inner meningeal layer supports brain
Venous sinuses run in gaps between layers

34
Q

Properties and function of arachnoid mater

A

Covers brain surfaces, contains meshwork of collagen, elastic fibres linking it to pia mater
Filled with CSF

35
Q

Properties and function of pia mater

A

Tightly attached to brain by astrocytes, follows contours of brain

36
Q

Description of the peripheral nervous system

A

Cells bodies present in PNS organized into ganglion
Axons here, collected into bundles called nerves
Axons to CNS, supply motor fibres to muscles and collect sensory info

37
Q

Subdivisions of the PNS

A

Somatic nerves
Nerves of special sensation
Autonomic nerves

38
Q

Function of somatic nerve

A

Supplies body wall, skeletal muscle, skin, contains both motor and sensory fibres

39
Q

Function of autonomic nerves

A

Supply internal organs with motor (smooth) and sensory fibres

40
Q

Synapses in PNS

A

All cell bodies outside CNS in ganglia, no synapses
Somatic nerves, special senses, referred to spinal nerves
All motor ganglia in ANS, always have synapses

41
Q

The spinal nerve and spinal cord length difference

A

Spinal cord ends shorter than spinal nerves, continue down

42
Q

Spinal nerve distribution in dermatomes

A

Area of skin supplied by fibres from single nerve roots

43
Q

No of dermatomes

A

30

44
Q

No of cervical spinal nerves

A

C2-C8

45
Q

No of thoracic spinal nerves

A

T1-T12

46
Q

No of lumbar spinal nerves

A

L1-L5

47
Q

No of sacral spinal nerves

A

S1-S5

48
Q

Plexuses

A

Network of nerves that seem tangled, mainly serve limbs
Fibres come from several spinal nerves
Limbs receive innervation from more than 1 spinal nerve, backup in injuries

Functional Anatomy and Embryology (28 decks)

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