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Functional Anatomy and Embryology > CNS and PNS > Flashcards

CNS and PNS Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Definition of central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

Definition of peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory and motor neurones, axons, ganglia, supporting cells

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3
Q

Definition of ganglion

A

Nerve cell bodies of neurons lying outside CNS, collected into groups

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4
Q

Definition of nervous system

A

Orderly arrangement of neurons and associated cells
Control, adjust activities of systems
Sensory, motor neurones link CNS to peripheral structrues

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5
Q

Definition of multipolar neurone

A

Has a cell body, many highly branched dendrocytes

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6
Q

Definition of neuroglia cells

A

Non nervous support cells within CNS, each gas specific function

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7
Q

Definition of somatic nerves

A

Supply body wall, skeletal muscle, skin, contains motor, sensory fibres

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8
Q

Definition of autonomic nerves

A

Supply internal organs with motor (smooth), sensory fibres

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9
Q

Definition of spinal nerves

A

Mixed nerve, carried motor, sensory, ANS signals between spinal chord and body
31 pairs of spinal nerves

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10
Q

Definition of dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by fibres from single nerve root

Associated with a specific nerve root

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11
Q

Definition of peripheral nerve

A

Made up of fibres from different nerve roots

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12
Q

Definition of myotome

A

Group of muscles that a single spinal nerve innervated

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13
Q

Definition of nerve plexus

A

Branching network of fibres

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14
Q

The nervous system function

A

Orderly arrangement of neurons and associated cells
Controls, adjusts activities of systems
Sensory, motor neurones link CNS to periphery

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15
Q

Primary divisions of nervous system

A

CNS, brain, spinal chord

PNS, axons, ganglia, supporting cells

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16
Q

Components of neural tissue

A

Neurons, transmit impulses along cell membranes

Support cells, regulate tissue fluid, bring nutrients

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17
Q

Properties of neurons

A 
No capacity for cell division
Limited repair capacity
Vary in length, mm-m
Many RER for protein synthesis
Multipolar neuron, has cell body and many dendrocytes
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18
Q

Types of dendritic processes, synapses

A

Many different types of synapses, can be inhibitory/excitatory

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19
Q

Support cells

A 
Neuroglia cells, non nervous support cells in CNS
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
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20
Q

Function of astrocytes

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A

Maintain blood brain barrier
Contain microfilaments, gives structural strength to CNS
Stabilise structure after injury, produce scar tissue
Direct neural growth during development
Control interstitial environment, recycle neurotrasmitters

21
Q

Description of astrocytes

Study These Flashcards
A

Processes in contact with neurons and capillary walls

22
Q

Function of microglia

Study These Flashcards
A

Similar to macrophages and monocytes, just in brain

Many cytoplasmic processes

23
Q

Function of ependymal cells

Study These Flashcards
A

Line chambers, CNS pathways

Filled w CSF, monitor it

24
Q

Description of ependymal cells

Study These Flashcards
A

Branching processes, contact other glial cells

25
Function of oligodendrocytes
Processes in contact with axons, either Wrap them together Form myelin to improve conducting velocity of axons
26
Neuroglia cells of PNS
Cell bodies in ganglia, supported by satellite cells Axons supported by Schwann cells, either Myelinated sections Several axons enclosed in cell
27
Ganglia
Nerve bodies of neurons which lie outside CNS collated into ganglion, supported by satellite cells
28
Properties of sensory ganglia
No synapses Pseudounipolar Postganglionic axons are myelinated
29
Properties of motor ganglia
ANS controlled, multipolar Unmyelinated Preganglionic axon mostly myelinated Post ganglionic axon unmyelinated
30
What supports and protects the brain and spinal chord
Bony cranium Cerebral column Meninges
31
How is the brain and spinal chord protected
Rigid barrier between internal, external environment
32
Structure of the meninges
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
33
Properties and function of dura mater
2 layered structure, outer periosteal layer lines cranial cavity Folds in inner meningeal layer supports brain Venous sinuses run in gaps between layers
34
Properties and function of arachnoid mater
Covers brain surfaces, contains meshwork of collagen, elastic fibres linking it to pia mater Filled with CSF
35
Properties and function of pia mater
Tightly attached to brain by astrocytes, follows contours of brain
36
Description of the peripheral nervous system
Cells bodies present in PNS organized into ganglion Axons here, collected into bundles called nerves Axons to CNS, supply motor fibres to muscles and collect sensory info
37
Subdivisions of the PNS
Somatic nerves Nerves of special sensation Autonomic nerves
38
Function of somatic nerve
Supplies body wall, skeletal muscle, skin, contains both motor and sensory fibres
39
Function of autonomic nerves
Supply internal organs with motor (smooth) and sensory fibres
40
Synapses in PNS
All cell bodies outside CNS in ganglia, no synapses Somatic nerves, special senses, referred to spinal nerves All motor ganglia in ANS, always have synapses
41
The spinal nerve and spinal cord length difference
Spinal cord ends shorter than spinal nerves, continue down
42
Spinal nerve distribution in dermatomes
Area of skin supplied by fibres from single nerve roots
43
No of dermatomes
30
44
No of cervical spinal nerves
C2-C8
45
No of thoracic spinal nerves
T1-T12
46
No of lumbar spinal nerves
L1-L5
47
No of sacral spinal nerves
S1-S5
48
Plexuses
Network of nerves that seem tangled, mainly serve limbs Fibres come from several spinal nerves Limbs receive innervation from more than 1 spinal nerve, backup in injuries

Functional Anatomy and Embryology (28 decks)

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