Abnormal CV Dev Flashcards by Keaton Joppru

When do most congenital heart disease arise? and what from?

weeks 3-8

Genetics- 9%
Environment-1%
Unknown- 90%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In terns of Congenital heart diseases what makes up the 9% genetic defects?

Familial like Marfan 2-3

- Chromosomal defects (non-familial) 5%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the left to right shunts?

Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent Ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the symptoms of a left to right shunt?

Cyanosis (sats

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the right to left shunts and its symptoms presentation?

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great arteries
Truncus arteriosus
- Cyanosis early in postnatal life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 anomalies that create most atrial septal defects?

Excessive resorption of primary septum (Spider like appearance, Apoptosis)
Incompetent foramen ovale due to hypoplastic growth of secondary septum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are other ways to have a atrial septal defect?

inadequate dev of the primary septum producing a basal opening
Sinus venosus dev defect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens to the physiology in a ASD?

Pulmonary flow 2-4x normal

- Large ones lead to pulmonary HTN and cyanosis tardive and cardiac failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some complications of a ASD?

Right ventricular failure

- Paradoxical embolism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How would one treat a ASD?

Surgery

- Secondary atrial septal percutaneous transvenous closure device

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do shunts do to the heart?

Normal pressure 1:6 Pulmonary:aorta

increases right ventricular pressure and pulmonary artery pressure increase leading to pulmonary fibrosis
Can lead to ventricular septal defects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Ventricular septal defect
(VSD)
- 40%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common cause of VSD?

Membranous portion of ventricular septum fails to close

- swiss- cheese septum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does one fix a VSD?q

50% close spontaneously

- surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What other anomalies are VSD associated with?

Pulmonary stenosis
Tetraology of Fallow
Coarctation of aorta
Transposition of aorta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the ductus arteriosus derive from?

6th aortic arch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is common flow of a patent ductus ateriosus after birth?

From aorta to pulmonary artery

if reversed cause cardiac enlargement and increase pulmonary vascularity
at day 30 DA should be a ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common cause of patent ductus arteriosus PDA?

Maternal rubella during early weeks of pregnancy

What are some other complications of maternal rubella?

Cataracts
Deafness
Pulmonary stenosis and VSD

What does the murmur sound like and how is a PDA fixed?

Thrill

- Catheter occluder or Ibuprofen if premature

What are some clinical complications of a PDA?

Infective endocarditis

Pulmonary HTN

What are the defects in a Tetraology of Fallot?

VSD
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Over ridding large aorta

What is clinical significant in T of F?

Cyanosis is size dependent

- murmur due to stenosis

What are some complications of T of F and how is it treated?

Paradoxical embolism
Infective endocarditis
- surgery

What is the cause of Transposition of the great arteries TGA?

Failure of normal spiraling of the aorticopulmonary septum (bulbotruncal septum)

Is TGA compatible with life and how is it fixed?

Yes if there is a VSD other no | - fixed via surgery

What other shunts are common in TGA?

ASD and PDA

What is the male to female ratio of TGA?

M:F 3:1 | - offspring of a diabetic mother

What is Persistent Truncus arteriosus?

Aorta and Pulmonary trunk receive blood from both ventricles - leads to irreversible Pulmonary HTN - Cyanosis present -

What is the cause of Persistent truncus arteriosus?

failure of bulbar and truncal ridges to to develop

What are the obstruction CHD?

1. Coarctation of aorta 2. pulmonary stenosis and atresia 3. aortic stenosis and atresia

What is Coarctation of the aorta?

Narrowed aortic lumen | - Infolding of the aorta opposite the closed ductus arteriosus

What are the sx's of coarctation?

1. increase BP in arms, low in legs 2. intercostal artery blood flow increased (notched ribs) 3. Strong pulse in UE and decreased in LE

Is coartation more common in males or females? Postductal

males 2x

What the some complications of the a coartation Postducatal?

CHF CVA Rupture Infection

How are coartations fixed?

Excision Bypass Ballon angioplasty

What causes pulmonary/aortic stenosis and atresia?

Asymmetrical division or spiraling of the aorticopulmonary septum

How often does a preductal coarctation of the aorta heppne?

What is the cause of preductal coarctation?

Tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch proximal to the PDA

What are some complications of a preductal coarctation?

CHF PDA Cyanosis, lower body Mortality increased

What is diGeorge syndrome and what is its association?

Deletion of chromosome 22q11 - Tetralogy of Fallot Truncus arteriosus (Persistent)

Down syndrome has association with what CHD?

ASD | VSD

Turner syndrome as ass with what CHD?

Coarctation of aorta

What is Marfan syndrome and what is its ass with (CHD)?

Aortic stenosis - Fibrillin-1 glycoprotein abnormality, FBN1 gene - Chromosomes 15q21.1 and 5q23.31