Abnormal Mood: Depression

Question 1

if a mood disorder has diurnal variation what does this mean?

Answer 1

it varies throughout the day

Question 2

early morning wakening is defined as waking _ hours before normal

Answer 2

2

Question 3

diurnal variation is a feature of depression T or F

Answer 3

T, better in the evening and worse in the morning

Question 4

what is anhedonia?

Answer 4

loss of enjoyment/pleasure

Question 5

what is psychomotor retardation?

Answer 5

subjective or objective slowing of thoughts and/or movement

Question 6

extreme form of psychomotor retardation?

Answer 6

stupor (not eating/drinking/moving)

Question 7

what would you see on the appearance/behaviour section of an MSE in a patient with depression

Answer 7

reduced facial expression
furrowed brow
lack of eye contact
gesturing and rapport limited

Question 8

what is the speech in a depressed patient like?

Answer 8

reduced rate, pitch, volume, intonation

short, brief answers

Question 9

men tend to have more of an irritable depression T or F

Answer 9

T

Question 10

what is the affect like in depression?

Answer 10

depressed, reduced range, limited reactivity (to changes in subject, context etc)

Question 11

how do the patient’s thoughts present in depression?

Answer 11

slowed or absent
negative and self-accusatory
delusions can occur

Question 12

perceptual disturbance is severely affected in depression T or F

Answer 12

F

Question 13

what is self-referential thinking? what condition is this common in?

Answer 13

having the perception that people are talking about you

schizophrenia

Question 14

what kind of hallucinations can someone with depression get?

Answer 14

auditory 2nd person i.e YOU are a bad person

Question 15

how is cognition affected in depression

Answer 15

can present with dementia-like symptoms

attention and planning affected

Question 16

insight is preserved in depression T or F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

if a patient has preserved insight what does this mean?

Answer 17

they are aware of their symptoms (this can make it worse)

Question 18

define initial insomnia

Answer 18

trouble getting to sleep (>1hr)

Question 19

define middle insomnia

Answer 19

frequent waking during the night

unrefreshing sleep/poor quality

Question 20

define late insomnia

Answer 20

early morning wakening

Question 21

prevalence of depression in teenagers (%)?

Answer 21

3-5%

Question 22

chronic depression is classed as lasting over _ years

Answer 22

2

Question 23

psychotic symptoms + depressive symptoms = ….

Answer 23

psychotic depression

Question 24

schizophrenia presents with no change in mood T or F

Answer 24

T

Question 25

define dysthymia

Answer 25

chronic persistent low grade mild depression patient CAN work problems with concentration some sleep trouble

Question 26

major depressive disorder covers what levels of depression?

Answer 26

mod-severe depression

Question 27

how long should the depressive symptoms last to qualify as depression?

Answer 27

2 weeks

Question 28

if you have an episode of ____ along with low mood you can't have depression

Answer 28

mania

Question 29

name the 3 symptoms required to diagnose depression (need 2/3)

Answer 29

depressed mood >2 weeks reduced enjoyment/interest decreased energy

Question 30

name some symptoms of depression along with the main core symptoms?

Answer 30

``` loss of confidence unreasonable guilt suicidal behaviour poor concentration agitation/slowness sleep disturbance change in appetite ```

Question 31

for moderate depression how many symptoms do you need?

Answer 31

6

Question 32

for severe depression how many symptoms do you need?

Answer 32

all 3 core symptoms plus 5 other

Question 33

paranoid, mood congruent patient who is a hypochondriac and thinks "people are trying to poison me"

Answer 33

psychotic depression

Question 34

cotard's syndrome is most common at what age?

Answer 34

elderly

Question 35

cotards syndrome is a form of...

Answer 35

psychotic depression

Question 36

criteria for atypical depression?

Answer 36

``` mood reactivity (brightens to positive things) weight gain/appetite increase hypersomnia heavy arms/legs interpersonal rejection sensitivity ```

Question 37

what happens to cortisol levels when dexamethasone is given to a depressed patients

Answer 37

dexamethasone fails to suppress cortisol