Response to Trauma Flashcards
define type 1 trauma
single, unexpected incident
define type 2 trauma
repetitive, ongoing trauma
exposure to trauma is associated with increased risk of other conditions eg diabetes T or F
T
medical term for “freezing” in response to danger
tonic immobility
features of tonic immobility?
decreased vocalisation intermittent eye contact rigidity and paralysis muscle tremors chills
what kind of traumatic events leave the most impact?
sudden, unexpected events where exposure is prolonged eg you are ket hostage and there is death/mutilation
patients with a __ acute serum cortisol release react worse to trauma than others
low
impaired sleep is a normal reaction to trauma T or F
T
what psychological changes can happen after trauma that are NOT PTSD?
depression grief panic attacks agoraphobia alcohol/drug dependence brief hypomania phobias
most common cause of PTSD in women?
rape/sexual assault
PTSD commonly presents with other psychiatric conditions T or F?
T
how long does a patient’s traumatic response have to be last to be diagnosed as PTSD?
1 month
describe how intrusive phenomena present?
recurrent distressing recollections/nightmares/flashbacks
describe the hyperarousal symptoms that can present with PTSD?
sleep disturbance irritability/anger concentration difficulties hypervigilance startle easily
what are the so-called “dissociative symptoms” of PTSD
depersonalisation
derealisation
lack of awareness of surroundings
out of body experiences
what kind of guilt presents with PTSD?
survivor guilt
performance guilt
what avoidant symptoms can a patient with PTSD present with?
avoid talking/thinking about the event avoidance of reminders amnesia of the trauma loss of interest in activities detachment emotional numbing
in order to have PTSD, a patient should have what symptoms?
a mix of: intrusive symptoms avoidance symptoms altered mood/cognition increased arousal
what symptoms, when present with PTSD symptoms indicate complex PTSD?
low self esteem/self blame interpersonal difficulties dissociation somatisation self harm eg by substance abuse or self mutilation
what is somatisation?
presence of physical symptoms in relation to a psychiatric disorder
what area of the brain primarily manages emotions?
periaqueductal gray in the midbrain
there is atrophy of the ___ after trauma
hippocampus
non pharmacological Tx for PTSD?
CBT
EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing)
exposure
pharmacological Tx for PTSD?
GP: paroxetine
mirtazapine
psych: amitryptiline
phenelzine
