Learning Disability

Question 1

define learning disability

Answer 1

condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, characterised by decreased levels of intelligence ie cognitive, language, motor and social abilities

Question 2

your IQ has to be under __ to be diagnosed with a LD?

Answer 2

70

Question 3

criteria for diagnosis of LD?

Answer 3

IQ <70
deficits in adaptive functioning
onset of problems <18 years old

Question 4

what is most commonly used for psychometric assessment of someone with LD?

Answer 4

wechsler adult intelligence scale

Question 5

what percentage of the population hve an IQ under 70?

Answer 5

3%

Question 6

dyslexia is a learning disability T or F

Answer 6

F, it is an educational difficulty

Question 7

when would you retest someone for LD based on their score?

Answer 7

if they score between 5 points of the borderline

Question 8

if a LD is immediately apparent from the patient, what could be the main causative pathology?

Answer 8

a genetic abnormality

Question 9

borderline LD is defined as an IQ of…

Answer 9

70-84

Question 10

profound LD is defined as an IQ of….

Answer 10

<20

Question 11

moderate LD is defined as an IQ of…

Answer 11

35-49

Question 12

mental age for an IQ of 50-69?

Answer 12

9-12

Question 13

mental age for an IQ of 70-84?

Answer 13

12-15

Question 14

most common LD?

Answer 14

mild LD

Question 15

what can those with mild LD achieve without difficulty?

Answer 15

everyday speech, although can be delayed
have full independence eg dressing
capable of unskilled/semiskilled work

Question 16

moderate LD means the patient has a mental age of….

Answer 16

6-9yrs

Question 17

patients with moderate LD are usually fully mobile T or F

Answer 17

T

Question 18

what level of LD do organic aetiologies play a part?

Answer 18

moderate
severe
profound

Question 19

what comorbidities are common in someone with moderate LD?

Answer 19

epilepsy

physical disability

Question 20

when does language become very impaired and slow in LD?

Answer 20

moderate LD

Question 21

antenatal causes of LD?

Answer 21

maternal infection eg rubella/CMV/toxoplasmosis
poor diet
substance abuse

Question 22

birth causes of LD?

Answer 22

extreme prematurity
birth injury
neonatal septicaemia
pneumonia
meningitis/encephalitis
cerebral anoxia

Question 23

postnatal causes of LD?

Answer 23

metabolic causes
hypoglycaemia
congenital hypothyroidisim
high bilirubin

Question 24

infantile causes of LD?

Answer 24

infections
NAI
trauma
toxins

Question 25

chromosomal causes of LD?

Answer 25

``` downs syndrome patau syndrome edwards sndrome cri du chat angelman's prader-willi velo-cardiofacial williams syndrome ```

Question 26

what conditions presents with LD, over-eating, self injurious behaviour?

Answer 26

prader-willi

Question 27

prader-willi is maternally/paternally derived

Answer 27

paternally

Question 28

what LD-causing chromosomal abnormality is maternally derived?

Answer 28

angelman's

Question 29

sex-chromosomal causes of LD?

Answer 29

``` trisomy X klinefelters XYY fragile X turners are usually fine ```

Question 30

genetic causes of LD?

Answer 30

phenylketonuria tunerois sclerosis congenital hypothyroidsm

Question 31

what are the 3 aspects of a LD?

Answer 31

the impairment itself resulting disability resulting social handicap

Question 32

how much more common are psychiatric disorders in people with LD compared to the general population?

Answer 32

3 times

Question 33

physical symptoms of LD?

Answer 33

constipation epilepsy pain eg in teeth/ear

Question 34

Tx of LD?

Answer 34

behavioural techniques eg relaxation CBT psychodynamic therapy

Question 35

when would you manage LD pharmacologically?

Answer 35

if they had comorbidities eg epilepsy

Question 36

main presenting symptom of schizophrenia in someone with LD?

Answer 36

behaviour change eg unexplained aggression, mood lability, social withdrawal

Question 37

somatic symptoms are increased in depression in PWLD T or F

Answer 37

T

Question 38

triad of symptoms in autism?

Answer 38

abnormal social interaction communication impairment rigid/restricted or repetitive behaviour, interests or activities

Question 39

Tx of autism?

Answer 39

structure- behavioural interventions routine predictability communication eg SLT involvement