Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
individual intentionally behaves in ways designed to prevent contact with phobic objects or situations
A
active avoidance
2
Q
dread of the potential of the next panic attack
A
anticipatory anxiety
3
Q
decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful acts (ex: sits for long periods of time with no interest)
A
avolition
4
Q
structural brain abnormality where one side of the brain is different (size)( theory for the cause of schizophrenia)
A
brain asymmetries
5
Q
trance-like state marked by loss of voluntary motion in which the limbs remain in whatever position placed even against gravity
A
catalepsy
6
Q
the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient
A
comorbidity
7
Q
the probability of one twin having the disorder if the other twin has already has it
A
concordance rate
8
Q
shows unusual of prolonged levels of anxiety or depression (ex: getting nervous days before a test)
A
deviance
9
Q
distinguishing between one illness from another
A
diagnosis
10
Q
persistent thinking about one or more perceived deficits or flaws in appearance that appears minor or can not be seen by others
A
dysmorphic
11
Q
mimicking another person’s speech
A
echolalia
12
Q
mimicking another persons movements
A
echopraxia
13
Q
delusion that another person is in love with the individual
A
erotomanic delusion
14
Q
cause and development of illness
A
etiology
15
Q
delusion of having some great talent or insight
A
grandiose delusion
16
Q
abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attributed to the use of medication, not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning
A
hypomanic episode
17
Q
delusion that his/her spouse is unfaithful
A
jealous delusion
18
Q
person acts in ways that make other fearful or interferes with personal well-being(ex: drinking so much you can’t hold down a job)
A
maladaptiveness
19
Q
abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attributed to the use of medication
A
manic episode
20
Q
absence or reduction of speech, either voluntary or avolitional
A
mutism
21
Q
sudden, unexpected intense fear response
A
panic attack
22
Q
delusion that he/she is being conspired against, cheated, or spied upon
A
persecutory delusion
23
Q
overwhelming and debilitating fear of an object, place, situation, feeling or animal (unrealistic or exaggerated sense of danger)
A
phobia
24
Q
the proportion of a population who have a disease or health condition at a specific period of time
A
prevalence
25
forecast about probable course of an illness
prognosis
26
mental disorder in which a person loses the ability to recognize reality or relate to others
psychosis
27
the activity of expelling food that has just been ingested usually by vomiting in order to reduce or eliminate real or imagined weight gain
purging
28
delusion about bodily function or sensations
somatic delusion
29
state close to unconsciousness marked by extreme apathy (dazed)
stupor
30
compulsive sound or movement that is often difficult to control
tic
31
condition in which a person remains in a position for an unusually long time when placed by others/ light resistance to repositioning
waxy flexibility
32
genetic connection to schizophrenia
Irving Gottesman
33
DID(dissociative identity disorder) results from sociocultural factors, not trauma
Nicholas Spanos
34
field that studies the causes(etiology)of mental disorders
Epidemiology
35
show an unusual or prolonged levels of anxiety or depression (ex: getting nervous days before a test)
distress
36
act or talk in ways that are incomprehensible to other(ex: swallowing a fish in the cafeteria)
irrationality
37
erratic or inconsistent behavior( ex: the bipolar manager)
unpredictable
38
looks at abnormal behavior as a disease, began to replace torture and abuse
medical model
39
Biological- evolution, brain structure, DNA
Psychological- stress, trauma, mood-related perceptions
Social-Cultural- roles, expectation, normality
biopsychosocial approach
40
contains the most up to date criteria for diagnosing mental disorders with descriptive text, describing the prognosis for the individuals
DSM-5
41
abnormal behavior is rewarded and reinforced, thus it becomes established, abnormal behavior is learned
behavioral
42
abnormal brain function due to structural and/or chemical abnormalities in the brain
biological
43
irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking
cognitive
44
failure to share ones full potential, people are unable to accept themselves
humanistic
45
interaction with Id, Ego, and Superego responsible for disorder, unable to resolve intrapsychic conflicts
psychoanalytic
46
a groups established behavioral norms define what is acceptable behavior
sociocultural
47
all 3 are interconnected to create abnormally
Social-cognitive -behavioral
48
the anticipation of a future threat
anxiety
49
emotional response to a real, immediate threat
fear
50
anxiety disorder characterized by reoccuring panic attacks as well as the constant worry of another attack occuring
panic disorder
51
victims must have 3 recurring symptoms for at least 6 months: agitation, loss of energy, difficultly focusing, irratibility, muscle tension, difficulty sleeping
generalized anxiety
52
characterized by an out of proportion fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
specific phobia
53
fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possivle scrutiny by others
social anxiety disorder
54
marked by active avoidance and fear of two of the following situations( public transportation, open spaces, enclosed places, crowds, being outside of the home alone)
agoraphobia
55
consistent fear that is not attributed to the situation they are in
free-floating anxiety
56
characterized by obsessions and compulsions are time-consuming (more than 1 hour per day) or case significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning
OCD(obessive-compulsive disorder)
57
recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as unwanted that lead to anxiety or distress(thoughts of contamination, religious, perfectionism)
obessions
58
repetitive behaviors or mental acts, that the individual feels driven to perform according to a self-imposed set of rules to reduce to prevent anxiety (hand washing, checking, praying, counting)
compulsions
59
chronic difficulty in getting rid of possessions regardless of their value, stemming from a need to save items to avoid stress
hoarding disorder
60
reoccurring memories, nightmares, vivid flashbacks, intense reactive distress in the presence of reminder cues, severe physiological reactions upon exposure to cues resembling aspects
intrusion symptoms
61
avoid people, places, conversations, or memories
avoidance symptoms
62
angry outbursts, reckless behavior, or hyper vigilance(detecting threats), problems concentrating or sleep disturbances
arousal symptoms
63
(lasts for more than 1 month)exposure to actual threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, directly experiencing or witnessing the traumatic event, learning that a traumatic event has happened to a faily member or close friend
PTSD
64
(lasts from 3 days to 1 month) same symptoms as PTSD and about 50% develop PTSD
Acute stress disorder
65
neurotransmitter associated with anxiety
GABA
66
5 or more symptoms(depressed mood most of the day, everyday, deminished interest in pleasurable activities, significant weightloss or gain, insomnia, fatigue, inability to concentrate, suicidal thoughts), impairment of social and occupational functioning
Major depression disorder
67
depressed mood persists for more than 2 years, symptoms include at least 2 of the following( poor appetite or overeating, insomnia, fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration, feeling hopelessness)
persistent depressive episode disorder
68
frequent outbursts over a period lasting at least 1 year with no more than a 3-month period without outbursts, 3+ outbursts weekly and individual’s mood is chronically irritable and angry(onset prior to 10)
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
69
Episode characterized by five or more of the following symptoms lasting at least 2 weeks( feeling of sadness or hopelessness, diminished interest in pleasurable activities, significant weight loss, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue lasting the whole day, diminished ability to think of concentrate, recurrent thoughts of death)
major depressive episode
70
eating disorder where people eat so little that they have unhealthy weight loss and become dangerously thin
anorexia nervosa
71
eating disorder characterized by regular often secretive bouts of overeating followed by self-induced vomiting or purging
builimia nervosa
72
frequently eating unusually large amounts of food in one sitting and feeling that eating beahvior is out of control
binge-eating disorder
73
characterized by manic, hypomanic, and major depressive episodes
Bipolar 1
74
at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, but NO MANIC EPISODES, noticeable impairment occurs during the major depressive episode
Bipolar 2
75
symptoms of hypomania and depression have appeared numerous times for a period of 2 years without being symptom free for any 2 consecutive months
Cyclothymic disorder
76
abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attributed to the use of medication
Manic episode
77
abnormally elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week, not attrivuted to the use of medication, not sever enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning
Hyopomanic episode
78
disregard for the rights of others, long standing pattern of irresponsible behavior that indicates a complete lack of conscience, formerly labeled as psychopaths, do not experience anxiety or shame and typically lie, steal, and fight
Antisocial personality disorder
79
innability to maintain health social relationships( fear of abandonment)
Borderline personality disorder
80
excessively emotional attention seeking(active sex life)
Histrionic personality disorder
81
pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
Narcissistic personality disorder
82
distrust and suspicious of people
Paranoid personality disorder
83
two or more distinct personality that involves a dsiruption in identity, recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information, and traumatic events that are inconsistent with normal forgetting
Dissociative identity disorder
84
sudden inability to recall personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that can’t be explained by normal forgetting, episodes last days or years and can be reoccuring, retrograde amnesia only
Dissociative amnesia
85
purposeful travel that is associated with amnesia of identity or important autobiographical information
dissociative fugue
86
when a person has significant focus on physical symptoms, such as pain, weakness, etc to a point where they experience major distress or problems functioning
Somatic symptom disorder
87
obession with the idea of having a serious but undiagnosed medical condition
Illness anxiety disorder
88
a condition in which a person experiences physical and sensory problems, such as paralysis, numbness, blindness, etc with no underlying neurological cause
Conversion disorder
89
fixed beliefs that are not open to change regardless of evidence
Delusion
90
perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus, vivid and clear and not voluntary control, auditory are most common
Hallucination
91
one or more delusions persisting for 1 month or longer, daily functioning is NOT significantly affected( persecutory is the most common delusion)
Delusional disorder
92
at least 2 key psychotic symptoms with at least 1 being a delusion, hallucination, or disorganized speech, disturbance must last 6 months, level of daily function is greatly impacted, onset occurs between late teens and the mid-30s
Shizophrenia
93
continuous psychotic symptoms present with major mood episodes(manic or major depressive), delusions or hallucinations present for at least 2 or more weeks
Schizoaffective disorder
94
marked decrease in reactivity to the environment, 3 or more of the following(stupor, catalepsy, waxy flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerism, sterotypu, grimacing, echolalia, echopraxia)
catatonia
95
mental illness in such a severe manner that a person can not distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis
insanity
96
Experiment conducted to determine the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. The participants feigned hallucinations to enter psychiatric hospitals but acted normally afterwards. They were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and were given antipsychotic medication however did not take them, It is clear that we cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in psychiatric hospitals
Rosenhan’s study
97
marked by incongruence between one’s expressed gender and assigned gender for at least 6 months, significant distress or impairmnet in social, school, or other important areas of functioning
Gender dysphoria
98
repeated instances of activity with a 1-year period wherein the individual displays 3 of the following behaviors( aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, theft, serious violation of rule)
Conduct disorder
99
pattern of angry mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months, disturbance is associated to the immediate social context
Oppositional defiant disorder
100
persistent pattern of inattention or impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, inability to sustain interest in an activity or maintain mental focus required by a task, easily distracted and impatient, inability to sit still or remain quit(present before age 12)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
101
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across a wide range of activities, limited ability to share emotions and interests of others, poor recognitions of verbal and nonverbal cues and gestures, repetitibe behaviors and patterns with fixation on particular interests(present in early developmental period, 2)
Autism spectrum disorder
102
excessive clumsiness and awkwardness in motor skills significantly below accepted age-norms, tics
Motor disorders
103
high levels of dopamine, antipsychotic medication lowers dopamine levels, (parkinson patients: exact opposite of schitzophrenia
Dopamine Hypothesis
104
malnutrition or viral infection during pregnancy, oxygen deprivation or trauma during birth
how neurodevelopmental processes may be related to the development of schizophrenia
105
decrease volume of the temporal lobe, enlargement of the ventricles, brain asymmetries, low frontal lobe activity, increase activity in the amygdala and thalamus
Structural abnormalities that may contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia
