Intelligence and Testing

Question 1

compared black and white children adopted into similar home environments
IQ’s averaged between the adopted and biological parents
Impact: POWER OF NURTURE

Answer 1

Scarr and Weinberg’s study on race and IQ

Question 2

genetic basis for IQ
certain groups can never achieve certain levels of intelligence
Proof: failure of government programs to raise scores in underprivileged areas
Impact: POWER OF NATURE and Stimulates a new wave of studies on race and IQ

Answer 2

Arthur Jenson’s claims on race and IQ

Question 3

Not purely genetic, but a combination of nature(biological parents, genetics ) and nurture(home environments)
Greater variation in IQ scores exists within each ethnic group than between them, finding only 1 standard deviation between the scores of white and black people

Answer 3

difference between IQ scores of African Americans and Caucasian Americans

Question 4

98% of recall
total recall of 11,000 books
every zip-code in the US
studied by NASA

Answer 4

Kim Peek

Question 5

individuals who have a remarkable talent even though they are mentally slow in other domains

Answer 5

savant syndrome

Question 6

designed to assess a test taker’s knowledge in a certain academic area

Answer 6

achievement test

Question 7

tests designed to evaluate a person’s ability to learn a skill or subject

Answer 7

aptitude test

Question 8

the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems

Answer 8

artificial intelligence

Question 9

each item is representative of the larger body of knowledge about the subject that the test covers

Answer 9

content validity

Question 10

knowledge acquired(facts, memorized things, semantic)(remains stable or increases with age)

Answer 10

crystallized intelligence

Question 11

a term used to determine whether or not two or more forms of tests that are designed to measure some aspect of mentality are truly equivalent to one another

Answer 11

equivalent form

Question 12

a set of mental and physical disorders that can include mental retardation, brain dysfunction, physical abnormalities, learning disabilities, and psychological disorders as a result of exposure to alcohol before birth

Answer 12

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 13

reasoning and abstract memory, to do things(decreases with age)

Answer 13

fluid intelligence

Question 14

the widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century

Answer 14

Flynn effect

Question 15

IQ of 135+

Answer 15

giftedness

Question 16

a measure of how well differences in people’s genes account for differences in their traits

Answer 16

heritability

Question 17

water in the brian

Answer 17

hydrocephaly

Question 18

the ability to derive information, learn from experience, adapt to the environment, understand, and correctly utilize thought and reason

Answer 18

intelligence

Question 19

a measure of a person’s reasoning ability or how well someone can use information and logic to answer questions or make predictions

Answer 19

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 20

human beings have different ways in which they process data, each being independent( musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalistic)

Answer 20

multiple intelligence

Question 21

a test accurately measures the performance of the participant against a specific learning goal

Answer 21

predictive validity

Question 22

a measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the mean

Answer 22

standard deviation

Question 23

defining uniform testing procedures and scoring guidelines

Answer 23

standardization

Question 24

France commissioned them to study the learning potential of students to identify slow learners
mental age- a measure of intelligence performance( if a 10-year-old performs at an 8-year-old-level they need additional support at school

Answer 24

Alfred Binet

Question 25

eugenics- the study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding influenced heavily by Charles Darwin's work: On the Origin of Species believed that people’s intelligence is purely genetic

Answer 25

Francis Galton

Question 26

human beings have different ways in which they process data, each being independent( musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalistic)

Answer 26

Howard Gardner

Question 27

believed in a genetic basis for IQ certain groups can never achieve the same level of intelligence Proof: failure of government programs to raise scores in underprivileged areas(government programs usually fail) Impact: Power of NATURE/ Stimulates new wave of studies on race and IQ

Answer 27

Arthur Jensen

Question 28

Triarchic Theory: Analytical Intelligence(academic problem solving and computation), Practical Intelligence(Street smarts and common sense), Creative Intelligence(Imaginative and innovative problem solving)

Answer 28

Robert Sternberg

Question 29

the main critic of spearman broke intelligence into 7 clusters of primary mental abilities (word fluency, spatial ability, perceptual speed, memory, verbal comprehension, inductive reasoning, numerical ability)

Answer 29

L.L. Thurston

Question 30

Creator of the WISC-IV(verbal IQ and Performance IQ{6-16}) and the WAIS-IV( seperate scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, processing speed, and overall intelligence {16-adulthood})

Answer 30

David Wechsler

Question 31

Will the test yield the SAME results overtime?

Answer 31

Reliability

Question 32

Does the test measure what it claims to measure?

Answer 32

Validity

Question 33

the learning potential of students to identify slow learners and whether or not they need additional support at school

Answer 33

Alfred Binet’s initial intelligence tests were designed to measure

Question 34

Calculation of an intelligence score

Answer 34

mental age/ chronological age X 100= IQ

Question 35

problem with Stanford-Binet’s intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 35

by the age of 16 and above, mental age scores usually level off

Question 36

the bell-shaped curve that describes a distribution 68% or more scores fall within 1 SD of the mean

Answer 36

normal curve

Question 37

mean and SD for most IQ tests

Answer 37

mean: 100 SD: 15

Question 38

2-adulthood/ 4 key areas (verbal reasoning, abstract reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and short-term memory)

Answer 38

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Test

Question 39

6-16/ verbal IQ and performance IQ

Answer 39

WISC

Question 40

16- adulthood/ separate scores( verbal, comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, processing speed, and an overall intelligence)

Answer 40

WAIS

Question 41

infants and toddlers/ DQ(developmental quotient) instead of IQ, useful in spotting developmental delays

Answer 41

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Question 42

people’s intelligence is purely genetic

Answer 42

Francis Galton

Question 43

general intelligence that underlies all intellectual domains

Answer 43

Charles Spearman’s ‘g factor’

Question 44

opposed Spearman's argument of general intelligence, claiming that there were several specific mental abilities that determined one's intelligence

Answer 44

L.L. Thurstone’s argument against Spearman’s theory

Question 45

ability to analyze problems and find correct answers (most IQ tests)

Answer 45

Robert Sternberg Analytical Intelligence

Question 46

ability to people develop new ideas and create new concepts (Picasso’s cubism)

Answer 46

Robert Sternberg Creative Intelligence

Question 47

ability to cope w/ people and events in their environment (street smarts)

Answer 47

Robert Sternberg Practical Intelligence

Question 48

noticed a problem with the original formula gifted students in California developed the Standford-Binet intelligence quotient

Answer 48

results from Lewis Terman’s longitudinal study

Question 49

130-135+

Answer 49

IQ score accepted by American school districts for identifying gifted students

Question 50

enzyme deficiency and mutation on the 12th chromosome

Answer 50

Phenylketonuria

Question 51

more likely in males/ mutation in the FMR-1 gene

Answer 51

Fragile X syndrome

Question 52

extra 21st chromosome

Answer 52

Down syndrome

Question 53

Onset prior to 18 IQ below 70

Answer 53

intellectual disabilities

Question 54

changed “mental retardation” to “intellectual disability” in US federal law

Answer 54

Rosa’s Law

Question 55

children raised in a high-quality environment should score near the top of their POTENTIAL IQ range

Answer 55

Reaction Range Model

Question 56

a measure of how well differences in people's genes account for differences in their traits

Answer 56

heritability

Question 57

human beings have different ways in which they process data, each being independent( musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalistic)

Answer 57

Howard Gardner’s ‘multiple intelligence’