Personality Vocab

Question 1

ancient memory images in our collective unconscious(yoda= wisdom/ mentor)

Answer 1

archetypes

Question 2

behavior and memories common to all humans and passed down from our common ancestors

Answer 2

collective unconsciousness

Question 3

a community that prioritizes the group over the individual, emphasizes personality traits and attributes like cohesion, harmony, duty, interdependence, achievement of group goals, and conflict avoidance

Answer 3

collectivism

Question 4

a perceived deficiency that cannot be eliminated that results in overachieving in another area to counteract

Answer 4

compensation

Question 5

the ego protects you from threatening thoughts in your unconscious/ unaware that you are actually using them

Answer 5

defense mechanisms

Question 6

largely conscious, “executive” part of the personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality(reality principle)

Answer 6

ego

Question 7

tendency to focus on gratification obtained from outside the self/(low: retiring, sober, reserved/ high: sociable, fun-loving, affectionate)

Answer 7

extraversion

Question 8

daydreaming or imagining oneself fulfilling a psychological need

Answer 8

fantasy

Question 9

method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Answer 9

free association

Question 10

the reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives(pleasure principle)

Answer 10

id

Question 11

adopting the characteristics of those we find threatening

Answer 11

identification

Question 12

trusting and acting on one’s feelings, being true to oneself, and fulfilling oneself

Answer 12

individualism

Question 13

they feel more comfortable focusing on their inner thoughts and ideas, rather than what’s happening externally/ enjoy spending time with just one or two people, rather than large groups or crowds

Answer 13

introversion

Question 14

being prone to easily aroused, sometimes uncontrollable, negative emotions that don’t interfere with daily function/ (low: calm, secure, self-satisfied/ high: anxious, insecure, self-pitying)

Answer 14

neuroticism

Question 15

tend to prefer variety, seek new experiences, and are curious and perceptive to their environment(low: practical uncreative, conforming/ high: creative, independent)

Answer 15

openness

Question 16

a person’s unique consistent of thinking, feeling, and acting

Answer 16

personality

Question 17

a personality assessment device that usually consists of a series of statements covering various characteristics and behavioral patterns to which the participant responds by choosing among fixed answers, such as true, false, always, often, seldom, or never, as applied to himself or herself

Answer 17

personality inventory

Question 18

seeking immediate gratification

Answer 18

pleasure principles

Question 19

the scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning/is defined as the study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals, communities, and organizations to thrive

Answer 19

positive psychology

Question 20

designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into the test

Answer 20

projective personality test

Question 21

seeks to gratify the id’s impulses in realistic ways that will bring long-term pleasure

Answer 21

reality principle

Question 22

we create or choose to be in environments that support our beliefs and help us achieve our goals

Answer 22

recipricol determinism

Question 23

all the thoughts and feeling we have in response to the question “Who am I”

Answer 23

self-concept

Question 24

ones belief in ones ability to achieve something and chase ones destiny

Answer 24

self-efficacy

Question 25

understanding your worth(how much we value ourselves in a certain situation)

Answer 25

self-esteem

Question 26

using one’s own unexpended sexual energy for some creative or social purpose(turns out to be a healthy activity)

Answer 26

sublimation

Question 27

represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment( the conscience) and for future aspirations

Answer 27

superego

Question 28

unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories

Answer 28

superego

Question 29

an attitude of grace that values us

Answer 29

unconditional positive regard

Question 30

Compensation, Inferiority Complex

Answer 30

Alfred Adler

Question 31

reciprocal determinism, high vs low self-efficacy, Observational learning(learn by watching others and seeing if the consequences are positive or negative), personality becomes a collection of learned behavior patterns

Answer 31

Albert Bandura

Question 32

16PF, 171 traits in 16 basic dimensions, factor analysis (a statistical procedure in which we identify cluster or groups of related items( L data- daily life/ Q data- self-reported questionnaires/ inventories/ T data- projective tests))

Answer 32

RaymondCattell

Question 33

an individual’s personality is based on the unfolding of your genetic blueprint with maturation and environment, all personality emerges from 3 higher-order traits( psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, problem: never addressed the motivation behind a person’s personality

Answer 33

Hans Eysenck

Question 34

refuted Freud's theory: upset over Freud’s male bias(NO penis envy), disagreed that women have a weak superego because they do not experience castration anxiety, unfair expectations cause girls to feel the most anxiety, normal personality growth involves the full development of social relationships, basic anxiety

Answer 34

Karen Horney

Question 35

sensation seekers=people who crave varied, novel, complex, and intense sensations, and experiences, developed sensation-seeking scale, ( thrill seekers, experience seekers, disinhibitors, susceptibility to boredom), peaks between 17-28, traced back to neurotransmitters( higher levels of dopamine and MAO(breaks down serotonin in synapse and assists in the release of adrenaline))

Answer 35

Marvin Zuckerman

Question 36

positive psychology, individuals have three basic psychological needs: To feel positive emotion, Engage in activities that give life meaning and purpose, and. Have positive relationships with others

Answer 36

Martin Segliman

Question 37

social learning theory emphasizes the role of expectancies in determining behavior/ behavior “is determined not only by the nature or importance of goals or reinforcements but also by the person's anticipation or expectancy that these goals will occur(external locus of control… they control my destiny/ internal locus of control… I control my destiny)

Answer 37

Julian Rotter

Question 38

archetypes, personal unconscious= comprised of repressed memories and clusters of thought/ collective unconscious= behavior and memories common to all humans and passed down from our common ancestors, a growth-promoting social climate provides… acceptance, genuineness, empathy, and a central feature of personality, self-concept “Who Am I?” unconditional positive regard- an attitude of grace that values us

Answer 38

Carl Rogers

Question 39

proposed that we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs and self-transcendence, such people who achieved self- actualization shared characteristics( self-aware, self-accepting, open and spontaneous, loving and caring), interests were problem-centered(not self-centered), focused on life missions, few deep relationships, personal/ spiritual peak experiences

Answer 39

Abraham Maslow