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AP Psych CIHS > Human Development > Flashcards

Human Development Flashcards

1
Q

Infants form attachments to any individual who consistently and appropriately respond to their signals

A

Bowlby’s work on attachment

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2
Q

baby is upset but easily consoled

A

secure attachment

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3
Q

baby is inconsolable by the caregiver

A

anxious-ambivalent attachment

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4
Q

infant shows no care for the caregivers return

A

avoidant attachment

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5
Q

parents provide contact and if they do not fulfill your fundamental needs… insecurity and anxiety

A

Trust and mistrust (Erikson’s psychosocial development)

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6
Q

parents creating a restrictive environment…
self-doubt

A

Self-doubt and will (Erikson’s psychosocial development)

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7
Q

how does the caregiver respond to self-initiative activities
overprotective parents lead to guilt and a lack of self-worth

A

Initiative and guilt (Erikson’s psychosocial development)

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8
Q

competence/complete failure in social settings
inferiority, lack of self-confidence

A

Industry and inferiority (Erikson’s psychosocial development)

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9
Q

where am I going and who am I
sense of self as fragmented, shifting, and unclear

A

Identity and role confusion (Erikson’s psychosocial development)

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10
Q

love/ need vulnerability willingness to open yourself up to others
the feeling of loneliness separation, denial of intimacy needs

A

Intimacy and isolation (Erikson’s psychosocial development)

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11
Q

care/ good at job= communicate and be proud, a reflection of past experiences…
self-indulgent, lack future

A

Generativity and stagnation (Erikson’s psychosocial development)

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12
Q

how much have you accomplished in life
feelings of futility and disappointment

A

Ego-integrity and despair (Erikson’s psychosocial development)

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13
Q

child begins to develop object permanence, display inborn schemas of sucking, looking, and grasping, and experience stranger anxiety

A

Sensorimotor(0-2)(Piaget’s stages of cognitive development)

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14
Q

egocentrism/selfishness, animism/ belief that objects have feelings, centration/focus on one aspect of a situation

A

Preoperational(2-7)(Piaget’s stages of cognitive development)

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15
Q

conservation/ no matter a change in form the object holds the same properties, beginning of logical thinking, transformation or reversibility

A

Concrete operational(7-11)(Piaget’s stages of cognitive development)

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16
Q

capacity for abstract reason and hypothetical thinking, several solutions to problems, abstract principles, conceptual, frontal lobe activity increases

A

Formal operational(11+)(Piaget’s stages of cognitive development)

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17
Q

making subtle changes to include new items/adding new information to an existing schema with little effort

A

Assimilation

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18
Q

storing new information that conflicts with previous schemas/ altering schemas as a result of new information or experiences

A

Accommodation

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19
Q

the conceptual framework that provides expectations about topics, events, objects, and situations in one’s life

A

Schema

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20
Q

quality of being overly interested in oneself, at the expense of other people

A

Egocentrism

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21
Q

the belief that inanimate objects have human feelings and intentions

A

Animism

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22
Q

tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects

A

Centration

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23
Q

the zone of proximal development is the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance

A

ZPD

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24
Q

when students are given the support they need while learning something new, they stand a better chance of using that knowledge independently

A

Scaffolding

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25
Q

talking to themselves out loud during play starts accompanying their activity in a variety of cognitive tasks

A

Private/inner speech

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26
Q

strict standards, obedience stressed, punishment is the most common reinforcement, “because I said so”

A

Authoritarian

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27
Q

constant standards, reasons for rules explained, encourages independence within rules, praise, and punishment

A

Authoritative

28
Q

no set guidelines, rules change and are inconsistent, no formal punishment

A

Permissive

29
Q

Obedience and punishment oriented(worried about the punishment which is wrong)

A

Stage 1(Kohlberg’s stages of moral development)

30
Q

Individualism and exchange(punishments are a risk, individuals are seeking favors, fair exchange policy)

A

Stage 2(Kohlberg’s stages of moral development)

31
Q

Interpersonal relationships( “good boy/nice girl”, motives of each party, “right idea”, intentions were good, “greedy,selfish” or “ caring and loving”

A

Stage 3(Kohlberg’s stages of moral development)

32
Q

Maintaining a social order( emphasis on obeying laws, respecting authority, and performing one’s duties so social order is maintained)

A

Stage 4(Kohlberg’s stages of moral development)

33
Q

Social contract and individual rights(stress on basic rights and democratic procedures to change unfair laws, right to life)

A

Stage 5(Kohlberg’s stages of moral development)

34
Q

Universal principles(look at problems through all eyes- clear concept of universal principles)

A

Stage 6(Kohlberg’s stages of moral development)

35
Q

Kohlberg only tested on privileged white men and determined that women’s main moral development centers around caring for others whereas men care for their individual needs

A

Carol Gilligan’s criticism of Kohlberg’s developmental theory

36
Q

primary source of pleasure comes from food, establish normal, predictable feeding practices if not… smoking, nail-biting, chewing, obesity, dependency, talkativeness

A

1:Oral(Freud’s psychosexual development stages)

37
Q

pleasure from pooping and demonstrating independence, anal rententive personality, toliet training and self-control or… messiness or excessive cleanliness, temper tantrums, cruelty, coldness and destructive

A

2:Anal(Freud’s psychosexual development stages)

38
Q

discovers that genital stimulation is pleasurable, oedipal complex, castration anxiety, electra complex, penis envy… excessive masturabation, jealousy, desire for sexual conquests, problems with parents

A

3:Phallic(Freud’s psychosexual development stages)

39
Q

libido is hidden, social contacts go beyond immediate family, learn modesty and shame or… preference for the company of the same sex and homosexuality(considered a disorder by Freud)

A

4:Latency(Freud’s psychosexual development stages)

40
Q

the establishment of standard, mature, opposite-sex relationships, focus on their genitals, establishing new relationships with parents, and displacing energy into healthy activities or… strong psychological attachment to an unresolved conflict related to an erogenous zone that results in a later obsession in life

A

5:Genital Stage(Freud’s psychosexual development stages)

41
Q

sexual attraction to their mother and hostility toward their father

A

Oedipal complex

42
Q

erotic attraction to their father and hostility toward their mom

A

Electra complex

43
Q

areas of the body that are maximally sensitive to pleasurable stimulation

A

Erogenous zones

44
Q

researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time

A

Longitudinal research

45
Q

a study in which subjects of different ages are compared at the same time

A

Cross-sectional research

46
Q

how a child attributes his or herself to a gender

A

Gender typing

47
Q

social role encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person’s sex

A

Gender roles

48
Q

denial- refusal to accept facts, reality, and information relating to the situation

A

Stage 1(Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief)

49
Q

Anger- anger with themselves or others close to them

A

Stage 2(Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief)

50
Q

Bargaining- attempting to bargain with whatever God the person believes in

A

Stage 3(Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief)

51
Q

Depression: sadness, regret, fear uncertainty, start of accepting reality

A

Stage 4(Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief)

52
Q

Acceptance: emotional detachment and objectivity

A

Stage 5(Kubler-Ross’ Five Stages of Grief)

53
Q

Fertilized eggs

A

zygotic stage

54
Q

organ systems begin to form and develop

A

embryonic stage

55
Q

from the beginning of the ninth week after fertilization to about 38 weeks after fertilization

A

fetal stage

56
Q

the ability of a human fetus to survive outside the uterus

A

age of viability

57
Q

agents such as viruses and drugs can damage an embryo or fetus

A

Teratogens

58
Q

reduction of activity in both CNSs, prime the offspring to like alcohol and put them at risk for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder, risk for low birth weight, birth defects, fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Risks of alcohol consumption during prenatal development

59
Q

latching and sucking

A

rooting reflex

60
Q

girls first period

A

menarche

61
Q

girls(bigger breasts and larger hips) boys(facial hair, deepend voices) both (pubic and armpit hair)

A

Secondary sex characteristics

62
Q

reproductive organs and external genitalia

A

Primary sex characteristics

63
Q

end of menstrual periods(50 yrs old)

A

Menopause

64
Q

information processing skills that are more likely to decline

A

Fluid intelligence

65
Q

application of accumulated knowledge that remains stable

A

Crystallized intelligence

AP Psych CIHS (11 decks)

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