Ac1.2 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the role of the police
1.To protect life and property-> Arrests stop and searches etc
2.Preserving->Police is subdivided by region and each force deals with it in their own way, 43 in eng+Wales
3.Preventing the commission of offences-> gives the police power to stop people committing crimes or further crimes.
What is the role of Prison service
- Managing prison service->HM runs 109 out of the 123 prison in eng+Wales. -> Keeps people in custody and helps them lead law abiding and useful lives while in and after release. June 2016 counted just over 85,000 prisoners and a fall to 83,013 in June 2019.
- Supporting effective offender management, prisoners in England and Wales have a daily regime which might include employment and training on temporary licenses outside of prison. 2018/19 12,100 prisoners on average were employed in custody.
What is the role of Judiciary
- To impose an appropriate sentence, this will be guided through sentencing guidelines.
- Ensure a fair trial, which they run in accordance with the law, which could be simply organisation of the court day or detailed rulings such as admissibility of evidence.
3.To provide ruling on legal issues(statutory interpretation)
4.Following judicial precedent, there are various levels, there is a strict hierarchy of importance->judges in court of appeal are given more weight than district judges in county and magistrates.
What is the role of the probation service
- Sentence management in both England and Wales->strengthening relationships using the right key skills, activities and behaviours to achieve effective outcomes and enable offenders to make positive changes.
- Rehabilitation -> work with around 30,000 offenders a year with 26 organisations across eng+Wales-> providing services in employment, training & education etc.
3.Resettlement-> officer undertakes comprehensive assessment and developing a sentence plan aligned to need risk and victim issues.
What is the role of the court service
1.Providing supporting administration for a fair, efficient and accessible court system-> sorting out accessibility arrangements for wheelchair users or running education programmes for students.
2. Supporting an independent judiciary in the administration of justice, e.g. use of court ushers and clerks to make sure the order of the court is maintained.
3. Working with government departments to improve the quality and timeliness of their decision making-> ensure cases run smoothly without delays.
What is the role of the CPS
1.Decides which cases should be prosecuted.-> established under the Prosecution of Offences act 1985 and has the power to decide charge in all but minor offences under the Criminal Justice Act 2003. Use evidential and public interest test to determine whether to prosecute.
2.Advises the police during early stages of investigation.
3. Prepares cases and presents them at court-> do so using a range of in-house advocates, self employed advocates or agents as well as provide information, assistance and support to both victims and prosecution witnesses.
What is the relationship with the police and CPS
C-> Case review and prosecution and communication and collaboration
CASE STUDY->Stephen Lawrence extensive collaboration where the CPS helped direct the police to gather additional evidence.
O->Custody Time Limits and bail management.
R-> Victim and witness protection and dangerous offender.
CASE STUDY-> Jamie Bolger work together to protect young offenders.
E->Disclosure of evidence and court representation.
What is the relationship with the police and courts/judges
C-> Courts have the authority to summon police and Co ordinate in pre trial preparation
O-> Detention to prior to court appearance holding the accused who is denied bail and bail management
R->Courtroom security and victim and witness protection
CASE STUDY-> Levi Bellfied protective measures for witnesses.
E-> Giving evidence and Warrants
CASE STUDY-> Liam Allen, cps and prison failed to give key evidence which led to the collapse of his rape trial
What is the relationship with the police and prison
C->Multi Agent Public Protection Arrangement and joint incident response”MAPPA”(assist in riots etc)
CASE STUDY-> Colin pitchfork used MAPPA to manage his release.
O->Joint operations(crimes within prison) and release coordination(parole planning)
R->Information sharing on inmates and public safety planning
E->Gather evidence in prison crimes and enforcement of prison transfers
CASE STUDY-> Abu Hamza Extradition police worked to securely transport Hamza to the US for trial.
What is the relationship with the Police and probation
C-> MAPPA(manage high risk offenders) and Supervision and compliance checks
O->Arresting re-offenders(breaches terms) and Release Planning
CASE STUDY-> Colin pitchfork, they worked together to enforce stringent release conditions
R->Victim protection and to share intelligence on high risk offenders on probation.
CASE STUDY->Clare’s Law scheme allows police and probation to warn potential victims of domestic abusers under supervision
E->Giving Evidence and pre sentence reports.
What is the relationship with the CPS and court
C-> Case preparation and custody time limits
CASE STUDY-> Jamie Bulger, made sure trial adhered to legal procedures especially cuz of age
O-> Prosecute breaches of court imposed conditions and release planning
R->Victim protection and case backlash (manage public backlash effectively)
E-> Disclosure of evidence and pre sentence reports
CASE STUDY-> Liam Allen cps faced scrutiny for failing to disclose crucial evidence
What is the relationship with CPS and prison
C->Crime within prison and extradition and international cooperation
CASE STUDY-> Abu hamza co ordinated with prison to ensure secure extradition procedures
O->When offenders breach parole or release conditions and staff conduct(corruption or abuse)
R->MAPPA and assessing risk
E-> Disclosure of evidence to prosecute in prison offences and video links(ensure offenders in custody can attend trials or hearings)
What is the relationship with CPS and probation
C->Probation advises CPS whether an offender is suitable for bail and pre sentence reports
O->Probation informs CPS of breaches or new offences and release planning
CASE STUDY->Colin Pitchfork CPS challenged the parole boards early release decision
R->MAPPA and offender histories
E-> Victim impact statements(address victims concerns and risks on probation) and evidence sharing
What is the relationship with the court service and prison
C->Video links(inmates to attend court) and extradition and international cooperation(courts issue release orders or parole decisions)
CASE STUDY-> During covid pandemic online trials
O->Breaking court orders (courts may direct to specific rehabilitation programs e.g. drug treatment)
R->MAPPA and assessing risks (prison provides progress reports on inmates)
E->Disclosure of evidence and Video links
What is the relationship with court service and probation
C-> Pre sentence reports helps the court to decide appropriate sentencing and breach in orders
O->Breaking court orders and court order
CASE STUDY-> In Wayne cousins strict probationary supervision was applied to his accomplices upon their release
R-> MAPPA and victim personal statement(helps courts assess victim safety concerns)
E->Appeals and Breaches
What is the relationship with prison and probation
C->MAPPA meetings and rehabilitation coordination
CASE STUDY->Colin pitchfork was subject to MAPPA meetings to assess his risk upon release.
O->Release planning and joint rehabilitation(begin in prison and continue post release in the community)
R->Risk communication and public safety
E-> Information sharing at release and enforcement of probation breaches
