Ac2.3 Flashcards
(19 cards)
How well does prison meet the aims of retribution
Activity:
Keeps offender incapacitated, loss of freedom, not seeing friends and family.
Success:
Yes=Low escape rates, poor environments and increased suffering
No=Too soft/nice cell life->Norwegian prisons
Statistics:
3 Offender escapes in 2024
Low escape rates
Everybody:
Not everyone experiences prison in the same way due to individual differences, suffering is objective with there being different categories of prison from A-D with A being the worst
How well does prison meet the aims of rehabilitation
Activity:
Educational classes e.g. law
Psychological treatment e.g. token economy
SUCCESS:
Yes=If offender leaves prison reformed and reintegrates back into society without reoffending
No=Gang culture/constant re offenders
STATISTICS:
Funding cuts of around 25-30% of rehab sources
Countries that invest in rehabilitation focused prisons have lower recidivism rates e.g. Norway 20% while the USA between 50-70%
EVERYBODY:
Does not apply to equally to all offenders only focus on set offenders as they need to want help and be motivated to be reformed.
How well does prison meet the aims of deterrence
Fear of being in prison
Loss of liberty
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes= Discourages reoffending and first time offending
No=Gang culture/constant reoffenders
STATISTICS:
Overall re offending rate in 2021 was 58%
EVERYBODY:
Does not deter everybody equally, as repeat offenders face no deterrence but the general population will face high deterrence
How well does prison meet the aims of Denunciation
Shame of being in prison
loss of liberty
Society Response
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=high status individuals have more to lose
No=Sentences may be too lenient and if it is not a shameful crime it will have low status
STATISTICS:
In the Uk surveys indicate that a significant portion of the population feels sentencing is too lenient suggesting prisons are not always effective in achieving denunciation
EVERYBODY:
Repeat offenders looses denunciators power as imprisonment becomes normalised
How well does prison meet the aims of Public protection
Physical incapacitation
High security measures
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=If prisoners are prevented from harming people during their sentence and after release
No=Violence within prisons and re offending
STATISTICS:
Only 3 prisoner escapes over last 3 years
EVERYBODY:
For violent offenders prisons effectively protect public but for non violent offenders public protection is less relevant
How well do fines meet the aims of Retribution
Loss of money
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=suffer from loss of money
No=Depends on the wealth of the person
STATISTICS:
Average fine=£100
EVERYBODY:
Wealthy vs poor dependant on the level of fine and cost to offender
How well does fines meet the aim of deterrence
Fear of loosing money
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=limits level of reoffending
No=High rates of non payments or delayed payments of fines
STATISTICS:
70% of crime sanctions are fines=driving offences between 2009-2020 millions of pounds in fines were written off
EVERYBODY:
Dependant on the level of fine and cost to offender
How well does fines meet the aim of denunciation
Shame of losing money
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=Level of shame/level of public perception
No=Less serious fines
STATISTICS:
70% of crime sanctions are fines=driving offences
EVERYBODY:
State crimes and corporate crimes are larger fines compared to speeding->BIGGER SHAME
How well does fines meet the aim of reparation
To repair the damage as money heals the damage
Settlements
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=When harm caused is financial in nature as it compensates victims
No=Crime caused by emotional/psychological harm as fines are not sufficient to repair the damage
STATISTICS:
Prince Andrew high level of fine for high level of harm
EVERYBODY:
Offenders financial role plays a rule in effectiveness
type of crime and level of harm also plays a part
How well does fines meet the aim of public protection
Discourage future offenders
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=Minor offences e.g. speeding
No=Serious offences
STATISTICS:
Fines levied on corporations for environmental damage or public safety violations have been found to reduce harmful activities
How well does discharge meet the aim of retribution
Shame and embarrassment
Loss of time
Criminal record
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=Some level of suffering
No=Does not provide punishment proportionate to the offence
STATISTICS:
Job employment is 56% for those with a criminal record
EVERYBODY:
Less appropriate to repeat offenders or those who have committed serious crimes
How well does discharge meet the aim of deterrence
Fear of retributive actions
Scared to commit another offence because they will be punished
SUCCESSFUL:
YES=Discourages both the individual offender and public from committing similar offences
No=Lack of punishment so may continue to reoffend
STATISTICS:
87% stick to conditions set by discharge
EVERYBODY:
Discharge may be seen as an opportunity for offenders to remigrate into society which may indirectly deter reoffending
How well does discharge meet the aim of denunciation
Shame of retributive action
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=Some level of shame
No=Depend on the person status and type of crime
EVERYBODY:
High vs Low status
How well does community sentences meet the aim of retribution
Lose freedom
Lose time
Lose liberty
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=depends on how much it effects them and what they lose
No=Considered as the soft option not suitable for serious crimes
STATISTICS:70% pass community sentence
EVERYBODY:
Repeat offenders less value if repeatedly given to the same individuals without preventing further offending and more suitable for first time offenders
How well does community sentences meet the aim of rehabilitation
ACTIVITY:
Tackle cause of their criminality
Therapy=CBT+anger management
Alcohol,drug programmes
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=Low re offending rates compared to prison
No=Still high re offending
STATISTICS:
8.3% More effective than prisons at reducing reoffending rates
EVERYBODY:
Not all offenders comply fully with conditions solo treatment is more effective than group
How well does community sentences meet the aim of Deterrence
Activity:
Afraid of being named and shamed
fear of loosing time and status
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes= when there’s more to lose
No=2009 report found offenders given community order left court ‘laughing their heads off’
STATISTICS:
30% Of people breach/fail to follow conditions
EVERYBODY:
Repeat offenders no deterrence
How well does community sentences meet the aim of denunciation
ACTIVITY:
Shame of losing time, status
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=More to lose
No=Less status less to lose/repeat offenders
STATISTICS:
30% of people breach/fail to follow conditions
EVERYBODY:
Repeat offenders have no shame and will do it again
How well does community sentences meet the aim of reparation
Repair damages
Clean up areas
restorative justice
work in charity shop
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=when effort levels are high
No= Effort levels low
STATISTICS:
30% of people breach\fail to follow conditions
EVERYBODY:
Type of community order and type of crime`
Country differences
How well does community sentences meet the aim of Public protection
Curfews and electronic monitoring
SUCCESSFUL:
Yes=protecting public from low risk offenders
No=Less effective from high risk offenders
STATISTICS:
30% BREACH CONDITIONS
EVERYBODY:
Country differences like Norway when sentences are robustly managed and include strong rehabilitative elements are more effective in long term, while in places where this is limited public protection is less assured.
