Ac2.2

Question 1

Definition of retribution

Answer 1

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act

Question 2

What is an eye for an eye and give an example(Retribution)

Answer 2

Punishment must be proportional e.g. murder->death penalty
e.g. speeding->lose your license

Question 3

What is just desserts and give an example(Retribution)

Answer 3

Must achieve justice and is fair based on offender choice
e.g. Right realism based the idea that people chose to commit a crime

Question 4

What is expressive view and give an example(Retribution)

Answer 4

Punishment is visual and people are aware of it
e.g. Public executions

Question 5

What is public revulsion and give an example (Retribution)

Answer 5

Public disgust/horror for the crime
e.g. Jamie Bulger case and public outrage and disgust to it

Question 6

What is backwards thinking aim and give an example(Retribution)

Answer 6

Does not seek to alter future behaviour and only deals with the past
e.g. Whole life tariffs->Wayne Couzens

Question 7

What is rehabilitation

Answer 7

The action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment

Question 8

What is the aim of rehabilitation and give an example (Rehabilitation)

Answer 8

To reform offenders turning them back to normal and reintroduce them back to society.
e.g. education programmes like law

Question 9

What is forward looking and give an example(rehabilitation)

Answer 9

An offenders behaviour will be altered and not reoffend
e.g.Community sentences e.g. drugs +alcohol

Question 10

What is requires free will and give an example(rehabilitation)

Answer 10

People have to be willing to be changed and determined to actually be changed
e.g.restorative justice like Jacob Dunne as he had to chose to do this to change

Question 11

What is tackles re-offending and give an example (rehabilitation)

Answer 11

Stops people from committing more crimes
e.g. Norways services of rehabilitation in prisons->lowest re-offending rates

Question 12

What causes can be treated and give an example(rehabilitation)

Answer 12

Causes of crime can be treated by services and offenders can be reformed e.g. NACRO charity-> housing

Question 13

What is the definition of deterrence

Answer 13

The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of consequence

Question 14

What is fear of punishment and give an example (deterrence)

Answer 14

Aims to make people scared of consequences stopping offences from happening
e.g. fines-> people don’t want to lose money

Question 15

What is individual deterrence and give an example (deterrence)

Answer 15

Direct targeted deterrence-> a threat on a set person
e.g.suspended prison sentence->commit anymore they go to prison

Question 16

What is general deterrence and give an example(deterrence)

Answer 16

Everybody fears a punishment/consequence
e.g. if you go to prison you cannot see your family or friends or loss of freedom

Question 17

What is levels of punishment and give an example(deterrence)

Answer 17

The higher the level of punishment the greater the deterrence
e.g. if you get caught for theft you would have to get your hand cut off

Question 18

What are chances of being caught an give an example(deterrence)

Answer 18

The greater the chance of being caught the greater the level of deterrence
e.g. CCTV increases the chance of being caught ->less likely to commit a crime

Question 19

What is the definition of public protection

Answer 19

Keeping public safe from harm or injury

Question 20

What is incapacitation and give an example(Public Protection)

Answer 20

Stopping offenders from carrying out offences
e.g. prison->lock up offenders

Question 21

What is rehabilitation and give an example(Public Protection)

Answer 21

Treating offenders and supporting victims-> reduces future damage to society and protects public
e.g. Psycholigcal treatments helps support offenders and stopping them from re offending->protects public

Question 22

What is deterrence and give an example(Public Protection)

Answer 22

Fear of punishment stops people from committing crimes
e.g.people may be deterred by loss of status etc->don’t commit crime

Question 23

What are types of crime and give an example(Public Protection)

Answer 23

Different public protection needed depending on different types of crime
e.g. community sentence may be unique to the offender e.g. drunk driving

Question 24

What is linked to re-offending and give an example(Public Protection)

Answer 24

Public protection focuses more on reoffending than it does on dealing with offences before they happen

Question 25

What is the definition of reparation

Answer 25

The action of making amends for a wrong one has done.

Question 26

What is repair and give an example(reparation)

Answer 26

Repairing damage caused by criminal activity e.g. pay someone back for damage to their property

Question 27

What is level of damage and give an example(reparation)

Answer 27

The greater the level of damage the higher the level of reparation e.g.damage to property you repair the damage

Question 28

What is chances of further consequence and give an example(reparation)

Answer 28

More likely to accept a form of reparation if you know it's the only thing you can get E.g. Prince Andrew charged with sexual assault and the victim accepted a settlement for the offence as low chance of further action

Question 29

What is levels of wealth and give and example(reparation)

Answer 29

Likely to only be seen I. cases where the offender is wealthy e.g. government(state crime) reparation for slavery

Question 30

What is community sentence and give an example(reparation)

Answer 30

Repair of damage does not always have to be financial e.g. healing of acceptance from victim

Question 31

What is the definition of denunciation

Answer 31

Society expressing its disapproval of criminal activity

Question 32

What is shame and give an example(denunciation)

Answer 32

The main aim is to shame the offender to show society what they have done is wrong e.g. media->front page stories about serious offenders

Question 33

What is collective and give an example(denunciation)

Answer 33

Society needed to agree on what is right and wrong e.g. Jamie Bulger-> society needed them to be shamed

Question 34

What is level of crime and give an example(denunciation)

Answer 34

The more serious a crime the greater the shame e.g. speeding less shame than murder

Question 35

What is fear and consequences and give an example(denunciation)

Answer 35

Shame creates a fear for people doing offences and also creates a consequence of public exclusion e.g. Christopher Jefferies was heavily denounced by society

Question 36

How do aims link to prison

Answer 36

1.Retribution->Takes away your freedom/liberty 2.Rehabilitation->Therapy/treatments 3.Deterrence-> fear of losing your liberty 4.Public protection-> Stops offender being in public and committing future offences 5.Denunciation->embarrassment of being in prison

Question 37

How do aims link to fines

Answer 37

1.Retribution->lose your money 3.Deterrence-> Fear of losing your money 4.Public protection->Deters people from committing crimes 6.Reperation->Compensates society

Question 38

How do aims link to community service

Answer 38

1.Retribution->Shame and embarrassment and restriction of liberty 2.Rehabilitation->Therapy programmes/treatment 3.Deterrence-> Fear of shame/embarrassment or restriction of liberty 4.Public protection->Rehabilitate someone->prevent future crime 5.Denunciation->Shameful and embarrassing 6.Reperation->Clean up the mess you made

Question 39

How do aims link to discharge

Answer 39

1.Retribution->Gain a criminal record 3.Deterrence-> Fear of criminal record/going to court 5.Denunciation->Shameful and embarrassing